Emerald Ash Borer: Review and Update

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Emerald Ash Borer Review and Update

• Mark H. Shour, Ph.D.
• ISUE Pest Management Environment Program
• March 2008

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Origins

• First found summer 2002 in Detroit, MI
  researchers suspect insect was introduced in
  during the 1990s.
• Probable origin northeastern China, Korea,
  Mongolia, Japan, Taiwan, eastern Russia

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Hosts and Relatives

• Known hosts limited to green, white, black, and
  blue ash trees
• Related to the two-lined chestnut borer and
  bronze birch borer
• Successful invader of healthy trees

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Life Cycle
Mating and Eggs
Larvae
Pupae
Adults
Jodi Ellis, Purdue University
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Adult emerald ash borer
Small insects ½ long x 1/16 wide
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Rob Meinders, USDA APHIS PPQ
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Maturation feeding on ash leaflets
C. Sadof, Purdue University
crenulation
D. McCullough, Michigan State
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Colorful top of abdomen may aid in mate
recognition at close range
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After feeding mating,
female lays single eggs on or just under bark.
Usually 60-90 eggs per female.
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Larval feeding slowly kills the tree because it
cant circulate nutrients.
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Larvae spend the winter under the bark and pupate
in the spring
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Adults emerge May through August
D-shaped emergence hole
Jodi Ellis, Purdue University
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EAB Symptoms

• Crown thinning/ dieback
• Epicormic sprouting
• Bark splitting over larval activity
• D-shaped emergence holes are often in the upper
  portion of a tree
• Woodpecker activity

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Thinning crown dieback
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Epicormic sprouting
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Young landscape trees
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Woodpecker activity
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Potential for EAB spread

• Natural Spread by Adult Flight
• 1st estimate ½ mile/year from brood trees
• 2004 research 1 mile mated females fly further
  than males or unmated females
• IL effort 1½ miles from source
• IA plan 2-mile radius for searching

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Artificial Spread of EAB
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The estimated potential national impact of EAB
is a value loss of 20-60 billion. USDA
Forest Services National Urban Forests Iowa
estimates are 3-5 billion. Iowa Department of
Natural Resources
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What Iowans Should Do

• Report any symptomatic ash trees to the IDALS
  State Entomologist, ISU Extension Entomology, or
  IDNR Forestry
• Keep updated by visiting EAB Web site
• www.emeraldashborer.info
• Realize other borer species will colonize
  declining ash trees

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Ash/Lilac Borer
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Redheaded ash borer
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EAB Survey Efforts in Iowa

• Iowa State University Extension
• Iowa DNR Forestry Bureau
• Iowa Dept. Ag Land Stewardship
• US Forest Service
• US Dept Ag Plant Protection Quarantine service

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Iowas 2004 and 2005 EAB Work

• Visual surveys all 99 counties in towns gt 1000
  persons
• Visited registered sawmills
• IDALS nursery inspections
• Sentinel trees (12 sites, 2005)
• EAB Readiness Plan

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Iowas 2006 EAB Work

• Visual surveys at state, county campgrounds
• Posters at IDOT rest areas
• Information to ISUE county offices, private
  campgrounds, County Conservation Boards
• IDALS nursery inspections
• Sentinel trees (68 trees, 15 sites)
• Displays at State Fair, Farm Progress

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EAB work 2007

• Visual survey of all private, state, federal, and
  the largest county campgrounds
• 400 campgrounds visited
• 1102 trees visually examined
• 232 sentinel trees on 58 sites
• Use of 100 sticky experimental traps

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USDA traps

• Ames
• Bettendorf
• Clinton
• Cedar Rapids
• Davenport

• Des Moines
• Dubuque
• Iowa City
• Newton
• Waterloo

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EAB in Iowa??

• Emerald ash borer was NOT found
• Will be surveyed again in 2008
• Visual surveys at federal, state, county and
  private campgrounds
• 400 sentinel trees
• More than 1,100 sticky traps
• Inspection of wood product sites and ornamental
  nursery stock

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Acknowledgements

• Deborah McCullough, David Cappaert, and David
  Smitley (Michigan State)
• Therese Poland (USDA-FS)
• Dan Herms (Ohio State)
• Bugwood Images
• Michigan Department of Agriculture
• USDA - APHIS