England The rise of constitutional monarchy

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England The rise of constitutional monarchy
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Return of the Stuarts

• Oliver Cromwell dead son is incompetent
• Upper classes want order back!!! Where is their
  monarch???

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Return of the Stuarts

• Charles II
• Exiled
• Heir to the throne of beheaded father
• Sooohow does he come back??????

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Hes invited back..
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Return of the Stuarts

• monarch with shared power with Parliament
• Acceptance of modern Protestantism

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Charles II

• Restored in 1661
• Church of England restored
• Presbyterian ministers expelled
• BUTStruggle with Parliament for power

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Charles II

• The Merry Monarch
• Thats for sure..
• Mistresses
• illegitimate children
• drunkenness
• Liked drama

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Charles II

• WEVE GOT PROBLEMS..
• Never trusted his advisers
• Had strong Catholic sympathies after living in
  France

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Charles II

• Treaty of Dover with Louis XIV in 1670 (secret)
• Financial subsidy in return for supporting the
  French war against the Protestant United
  Provinces and swearing to convert at some point
  to Catholicism (he already was one deep down
  inside anyway)

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2 Factions of Parliament

• Parliament fears Charles II brother (James) will
  inherit the throne
• P tried to pass an Exclusion Bill so James cant
  inherit the throne
• The Bill doesnt pass and P splits in 2 groups

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Whigs

• Liberal Anglican
• Landowners who want to strengthen P against King
  and business class

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Tories

• Strong hereditary monarchy
• Wanted to avoid another civil war

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Tories vs. Whigs

• 1679 passed Habeas Corpus Act (Whig victory)
• Sooowhat is it???

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Tories vs. Whigs

• Habeas Corpus
• Quick trial for those who were arrested
• Established legal rights of individuals accused
  of crimes
• Limited monarchical authority

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Charles II response

• 1681 attempts to dissolve Parliament (isnt that
  original?)
• 1683 had Whigs executed for supposedly trying to
  kill him and his brother
• 1685 - Dies

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King James II

• Charles II brother becomes king 1685
• And then

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King James II

• James and his 2nd wife (Mary Beatrice a Catholic)
  had a son
• James had 2 Protestant daughters with his first
  Protestant wife (Mary and Anne)
• Obviously, James son is heir to the throne and a
  Catholic!!

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The Protestant Wind (whoosh!)

• Mary (oldest Protestant daughter) married to
  Protestant William of Orange
• Whigs and Tories (who didnt want a Catholic
  king) invited William to take the throne

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The Protestant Wind (whoosh!)

• William of Orange debates this offer
• He was mad at Louis XIV for revoking the Edict of
  Nantes
• Didnt want James Catholic son to be king
• Sooohe agrees

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The Protestant Wind (whoosh!)

• November 1688 Williams ships landed on the
  southwestern coast of England
• 15,000 men marched to London
• James was in a state of collapse, so was his army
• Riots broke out
• Left England for exile

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William and Mary
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William and Mary

• Agreed to rule jointly but..
• Mary subservient to her husband
• William having a mad love affair with Marys
  lady-in-waiting
• Mary died of smallpox in 1694 (William was sad)

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The Glorious Revolution

• Bill of Rights in 1689
• Reaffirmed rights of Parliament
• Guaranteed rights of property owners to
  self-government
• Gave P financial authority over government
• Protestants could worship
• Anglican Church was official church

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Good Queen Anne

• Crippled with gout (ouch!)
• Heavy drinker
• 18 miscarriages so was childless
• Last Stuart monarch

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1707 Act of Union

• Created United Kingdom of Great Britain
  (Scotland, England, and Wales)
• (Scots kept own court but lost their parliament
  and capital)

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George I of Hanover

• German who didnt speak English
• Didnt go to cabinet meetings