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Using Quotations
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You can QUOTE me on that
A quote is the exact wording of a statement from
a source. Quotes make an essay more believable
they are evidence that can support your thesis.
Opinions supported by quoted text are evidence
of good reading and thoughtful responses. There
are several types of quotes.
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Direct Quotes
Quotes printed word for word exactly as the
author wrote them are direct quotes. These words
appear inside quotation marks. The attribution
word appears outside the quotation marks. The
attribution is the phrase that tells who said it
- where you got the information.
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Examples of Direct Quotes

• I am thrilled to be representing the great
  State of Texas at the Free Spirit Conference,
  Joe Mama, newspaper adviser said. I owe it all
  to my talented students.
• Im just glad I didnt have to spend any more
  time with my adviser than I did, said Casey
  Deeya, who added that she enjoyed riding the
  subways more than attending the conference.

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Indirect Quotes

• Information from a source which is not made up of
  the authors exact words is not placed inside
  quotation marks. This is an indirect quote, which
  is a paraphrase or a summary of the meaning of
  the direct quotation.
• Indirect quotes are used to
• Express a fact stated by the source
• Clarify a quote that is too long, confusing or
  dull
• Condense the ideas of several direct quotes

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Never change the meaning of a quote when you
paraphrase! (And you will still need to cite
your source.)
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Partial Quotes
Sometimes it might work better to use a portion
of a quote to convey the information than to use
an entire quote. To do this, put only the quoted
words inside quotation marks. Use partial quotes
when you need to use a speakers exact words but
the entire direct quote might be too long or too
confusing for the reader.
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Example of a Partial Quote
In his novel, Styles at LCC, author Harry Skaulp
states that spiked hair is a part of our
cultural heritage, not merely a symbol of
rebellion, adding that he thinks nose piercing
should be mandatory.
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Punctuating Quotations

• The authors exact words go inside the quotation
  marks I am super, duper cool.
• The end punctuation (period, question mark,
  exclamation point) goes inside the last quotation
  mark. Give me the damn money!
• When the attribution comes after a direct quote,
  use a comma to separate the quote from the
  attribution. Here it is, replied Bob.
• If a question mark relates to the sentence and
  not the quote, place it at the end of the
  sentence outside the quotation marks What kind
  of moron says, I am super, duper cool?

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Punctuating Quotations

• Use single quotation marks to indicate a quote
  inside a quote. And so I told her, Fix your own
  tire, Grandma!
• Leave off the closing quotation marks at the end
  of a paragraph if the quote continues in the next
  paragraph.
• If a quote is a complete sentence, begin it with
  a capital letter. If its not, dont.

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Punctuating Quotations

• Use quotation marks to indicate the title of a
  smaller work, such as an article, essay, short
  story, song, poem, or speech.
• In his essay, Potatoes are Yummy, Joe Smith
  argues that
• Use italics (or underline) for larger works such
  as a book, magazine, album, play, film, or long
  poem.
• In her novel, Potatoes are Yucky, Ann Smith
  argues that
• In her novel, Potatoes are Yucky, Ann Smith
  argues that

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Using Quotes

• If a direct quote is very long or boring, use an
  indirect quote or a partial quote instead.
• To clarify or modify a phrase within a quote,
  insert brackets. Slowly, Bob reached for the
  meat cleaver.
• Add the word sic (meaning thus) in italics
  within brackets after words that are misspelled
  or used incorrectly in a direct quote from a
  printed source. This indicates the quote is
  exactly like the original source. Macbeth is a
  grate sic play.

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Integrating Quotations

• Never just drop a quotation into your paper.
  Always introduce it and explain it with your own
  prose.
• There are three main ways to introduce
  quotations. These include

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• 1. Incorporate the quotation into your
  sentence, punctuating it just as you would if it
  was not a quotation.
• As Bob is being beaten, he hopes he will
  become unconscious but he cant.
• Bob appraises Mrs. Harrison derisively, stating
  that she looked so complacent, sitting there in
  her two-hundred dollar chair . . . bought with
  dough her husband had made overcharging poor
  hard-working colored people for his incompetent
  services, that I had a crazy impulse to needle
  her.

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• 2. Introduce the quotation by using an
  attributive tag like he writes, she claims, and
  so on.
• To describe his childlike consciousness, Wright
  explains, Each event spoke with a cryptic
  tongue. And the moments of living slowly
  revealed their coded meanings.
• After going to Memphis and boarding with Mrs.
  Moss, Wright wonders, Was it wise to remain here
  with a seventeen-year-old girl eager for marriage
  and a mother equally anxious to have her marry
  me?

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• 3. Introduce the quotation by writing a full
  sentence and a colon to introduce the quotation,
  which should itself be a full sentence.
• Bobs description of Madge emphasizes her fake
  appearance She was a peroxide blonde with a
  large-featured, overly made-up face, and she had
  a large, bright-painted, fleshy mouth.
• Richard Wright explains his reasons for
  writing I was striving for a level of
  expression that matched those of the novels I
  read.

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• Block a quotation if it is four lines or
  longer. Indent the quotation one half of an inch
  on both sides, and punctuate it like the
  following example.
• Wright describes how his mothers illness
• affected him
• My mothers suffering grew into a
• symbol in my mind, gathering to itself
• all the poverty, the ignorance, the
• helplessness the painful, baffling,
• hunger-ridden days and hours the
• restless moving, the futile seeking, the
  uncertainty, the fear, the dread. (Wright 29)

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Handling Quotes in Your Text

• Authors last name and page number(s) of quote
  must appear in the text
• Romantic poetry is characterized by the
  spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.
  (Wordsworth 263)
• Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was
  marked by a spontaneous overflow of powerful
  feelings. (263)

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The End
Goodbye!