Zigbee

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Zigbee
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What is Zigbee

• Origin of Zigbee
• Zigbee is a wireless networking standard
• Zigbee is a subset of the 802.15.4 specification
  for WPAN
• Zigbee is aimed at remote control and sensor
  applications
• Zigbee ideal for harsh radio environments in
  isolated locations
• A Zigbee device consists of a sensor, a
  microcontroller, and a 802.15.4 radio

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Zigbee

• Zigbee operates is one of three license free
  bands
• 2.4 GHz, 915 MHz for North America, and 868 MHz
  for Europe
• At 2.4 GHZ, there are a total of 16 channels
  available with a maximum data transfer of 250
  kbps
• At 915 MHz 10 channels for a max 40 kbps
  transfer rate
• At 868 MHz 1 channel for a max 20 kbps transfer
  rate
• ZigBee incorporates a CSMA-CA protocol
• This protocol that reduces the probability of
  interfering with other users and automatic
  retransmission of data ensures robustness.
• By determining when to transmit, unnecessary
  clashes are avoided.

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Data Transfer

• Information in a Zigbee network is transferred in
  packets
• Each packet has a maximum size of 128 bytes,
  allowing for a maximum payload of 104 bytes.
• The Zigbee specification supports a maximum data
  transfer rate of 250 kbps for a range of up to 30
  meters
• A Zigbee network has an optimal superframe
  structure with a method for time synchronization
• For priority messages, a guaranteed time slot
  mechanism has been incorporated . This allows
  high priority messages to be sent across the
  network as rapidly as possible.

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Zigbee Networks

• The Zigbee standard supports 64 bit IEEE
  addresses as well as 16 bit short addresses.
• 64 bit addresses uniquely identify each device in
  the way that devices have a unique IP address
• This is enough address space for
• 18,450,000,000,000,000,000 devices (64 bit
  address)
• 65,535 networks (16 bit short address)
• A network controller can support over 64,000
  nodes

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Zigbee Networks

• There are three types of networks supported
• Star
• Most simple of all the networks
• Outer lying nodes communicate with one central
  node
• Mesh
• Nodes placed as needed and within range to
  communicate with each other
• Messages can be relayed through several different
  paths
• If one path experiences interference, another
  path can be used

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Zigbee Networks

• Cluster tree networks
• Can be a combination of star and mesh networks
• Used to extend the range of a star network
• Used to link two networks
• Zigbee Security is ensured through
• Access control lists
• Packet freshness timers
• 128 bit encryption based upon the NIST standard

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Zigbee
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Zigbee Wireless Comparison Chart
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Another Zigbee Wireless Comparison Chart
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Zigbee Network Management

• An SNMP variant, Airbee ZNMS, has been designed
  for monitoring low-rate WPANs
• Developed in line with the Open System
  Interconnect specifications of FCAPS
• Can manage any Zigbee device
• Can manage PANs in excess of 65,000 nodes
• Reports faults to a central repository
• For more information
• http//www.airbeewireless.com/airbee-znms.php

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Zigbee Network Management
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Why use Zigbee

• ZigBee is the only wireless standards-based
  technology
• that addresses the unique needs of remote
  monitoring control, and sensory network
  applications.
• enables broad-based deployment of wireless
  networks with low cost, low power solutions.
• provides the ability to run for years on
  inexpensive primary batteries for a typical
  monitoring application.

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Why use Zigbee

• Zigbee provides low cost installation. A wired
  sensor may cost only 10 dollars to purchase, but
  cost up to 400 to install.
• Fewer people are needed to read meters
• Zigbee can reduce utility costs

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Zigbee Cons

• Zigbee is an emerging technology. It has still
  yet to prove itself in many applications
• Many companies may be hesitate to abandon their
  current proven systems for a technology that is
  still hesitant
• Adoption of Zigbee may be slow

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Zigbee Applications

• Lighting controls
• Automatic Meter Reading
• Wireless smoke and CO detectors
• HVAC control
• Heating control
• Home security
• Environmental controls
• Blind, drapery and shade controls
• Medical sensing and monitoring
• Universal Remote Control to a Set-Top Box which
  includes Home Control
• Industrial and building automation

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Zigbee Applications

• It is easy to adapt Zigbee devices to practically
  any product.
• Eventually, Zigbee base stations will be
  contactable by a mobile phone and report the
  status of all devices.

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Zigbee Alliance

• A consortium of over 150 major electronics
  companies
• The Zigbee spec was ratified in December 2004
• Zigbee is an open standard for creating
  inexpensive, low-power, wirelessly networked
  monitoring and control products. The Alliance is
  now moving forward to complete its "certification
  and logo program for testing end product devices
  based on Zigbee compliant platforms
• ZigBee Alliance recently (April 2005) issued
  certificates to several semi-conductor companies