Title: Template Approach For Adaptive Learning Strategies
1Template Approach For Adaptive Learning
Strategies
- Jana Abbing, Kevin Koidl
- Telecooperation Group, CS Dept.Prof. Max
Mühlhäuser,Darmstadt University of
TechnologyHochschulstr. 1064289 Darmstadt,
GERMANY
2Overview
- Background
- SAP LSO
- WiBA-Net Project
- Concept
- Motivation and Main Goal
- Main Idea Basic Scenario
- New Features Possible extensions
- Strategy Editor
- Metadata
- Future Research
3Background
SAP LSO - Authoring Environment
To explore the structure of the course
To organize the content (learning networks,
learning objects, knowledge items) and define
relations between the nodes
To specify knowledge type (x)or test parameters
and other metadata for the current node
4Background
SAP LSO - Learning Path
- Dynamically generated according to the authors
settings and user preferences (learning
strategy) - Only a recommendation, user can leave the
learning path whenever he/she wishes - Navigation support for the better orientation of
the learners
Current element
Recommended element
Finished element
Test
Current node
Element not yet recommended
- Structure of the course can be hidden user can
simply follow the learning path by clicking on
forward/back buttons
5Background
SAP LSO - Learning Strategies
Learning strategies adjust the learning path
according to the learners preferences, taking
existing relations into account.
- Orientation only
- Orientation first
- Action oriented
- Explanation oriented
- Example oriented
- Index
6Background
WiBA-Net Project
- Project WiBA Net (2001-2003)
- In cooperation with civil engineers, architects
and pedagogical department of TU Darmstadt - Testing and evaluating of L3 Authoring
Environment (SAP LSO)
- Main problems during the authoring process
- Creating of self-contained reusable learning
units - Understanding of different pedagogical concepts
and creating a reasonable structure for the
course adaptive to the specific learning needs
of student - Predicting the behaviour of the course under
different LS
7Motivation
Concept
- Continuous demand on pedagogical/didactical
templates - Support for different pedagogical approaches
- Experiences from different L3-projects
- Current learning strategies (LS) are very often
considered not to be enough transparent - Authors are very often hard-wiring the courses
- Too many relations, without clear function
- Need for more flexibility of LS
8Main Goal
Concept
- Provide a visual oriented authoring environment,
which allows - to model different pedagogical templates
- to model own LS
- to re-use pedagogical templates and decide about
LS to be used - Keep (respectively improve) the adaptive
character of learning environment, which provides
an epistemological pluralism for the learner
(e.g., learner can choose from different learning
strategies) - Compatibility with former versions of SAP LSO
- Support for import/export of standardized content
9Main idea
Concept
- Teaching approach (represented by Strategy
template) - Course-author can choose for each course module
one underlying pedagogy (Teaching Approach) - Each strategy template contains
- Set of KI with assigned basic metadata (e.g.
knowledge type, test type) - Set of different LS offered to be used with the
strategy template - Appropriate didactical explanation and
recommendations - Predefined by a strategy-designer in Strategy
editor - Learning strategy
- Keep epistemological pluralism gt one strategy
template should include more LS - Ordered (sub)set of KI
- KI may be re-used in different LS
- gt Strategy template (commented) set of KI set
of LS
10Main idea (example)
Concept
11Concept
Basic Scenario
Course-author
Strategy-designer
- Strategy editor extension of Authoring
environment - Basic scenario
- Strategy-designer creates a strategy template
(using a Strategy editor) - Course-author loads the strategy template into
AE - Set of (partially predefined) KI appears on the
desktop - Course-author fills the KI with content and sets
up a course - Learner chooses a LS (from those predefined by
strategy-designer) and view the course in adopted
order
12New features I.
Concept
- Relations
- Didactical defined throughout strategy template
- Matter of fact Editable in AE
- Before 2 KI must be presented in suggested
order - Belongs to close relationship of connected KI,
does not specify any policy on the order - Associated objects
- Group of learning objects with the same
pedagogical role - Not all of them must be visited
- Support for explorative learning
- Can address
- Learning styles
- Learner context
- Based on the concept of adaptive presentation
- Learner or system can choose the most suitable
knowledge item
13New features II.
Concept
- Tests
- Adding of decision fork (depending on the
test-result) - Metadata
- Course authors are forgetting to fill e.g.,
knowledge type and media type gt content player
does not have valid data - Solution no default value (resp. neutral)
- Visualization
14Basic description
Strategy Editor
- Editor for implementation of strategy templates
- Each strategy template includes
- Set of KI
- Instruction Elements
- Tests
- Associated Objects
- Set of LS
- Sequences of subsets of KI
- Pedagogical comments and recommendations
- for the course-author
- for learner (e.g. descriptions of LS)
15Strategy Editor
Implementation
- Management of templates, LS and KI
- List of opened templates and used KI
- Metadata
- Strategy template
- Represents different pedagogical approaches
- Carries set of (complementary) learning
strategies. - Contains appropriate didactical description.
- Author (in AE) is free to (pre)select
different learning strategies from the
template.
16Design of a Learning Strategy
Strategy Editor
- Linear sequence of knowledge items
17Metadata
- Currently
- LOM based files
- SCORM export (1.2)
- Analysis for export into SCORM 2004 restrictions
on functionality - New version (to be implemented)
- Content will be organized in few independent
structures (according to learning strategies). - Order of KI in associated objects will vary
(e.g., according to learners preferences) and
will be dynamically generated by the system. - Number of obligatory KI from within associated
object is predefined (by a course-author). - Each test can be freely linked with (at least)
two spots in the learning path according to test
result. - SS of SCORM 2004 does not support associated
objects - IMS LD seems to a good possibility, but there may
be difficulties with adaptivity within an
assosiaced object (?)
18Future Research
- Preparation of the Authoring Environment for the
integration of the strategy templates. - Guideline based on learning theories (for
Strategy editor and for Authoring environment). - Preparation of Content Player for the usage of
design learning strategies. - Extension of the Meta data definition for a more
general usage in other Learning Environment. - Evaluation of the efficiency of learning
strategies. - Evaluation of the efficiency of the suggested
authoring process.
19Thank you for your attention!...any questions?
- Contact jana_at_tk.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de
- koidl_at_hotmail.com
20Possible extensions
Concept
- Priority (AE)
- Different possibilities to achieve more
flexibility by learning - must or can
- most important concepts, recommended for good
understanding of the topic, for students
interested in the area - Based on experiment allow 0-100 and observe,
which granularity is the most useful for
course-authors. - Learner can choose minimal priority of KI (e.g,
last repetition before exams - only most
important concepts) - Importance (SE)
- Attribute for KI how important is the KI for the
particular LS? (core, recommended, additional) - AE not possible to delete a core KI
- First course, second template
- Scenario for course-author create KI, search for
the most fitting strategy template (comparison of
used KI)
21Concept Adaptivity
- Adaptive navigation
- The navigation will stay in principle the same,
but will be enriched of associated objects and in
extended version also of related pages (see
Extended version) - Teaching approach (strategy templates)
- author can choose for each course module from the
database of strategy templates the one which fits
the best learning materials provided and
underlying teaching approach (pedagogy) - Learning strategy (adaptive order)
- each strategy template will be contain several
possible learning strategies and each of them
will provide - a specific choice of learning units (not all of
the learning units must be included in each
learning strategy, some of them might be left
out) - a specific order of the learning units, which
defines the best offer learning path for each
learning strategy - a possibility to use the fork after the test (for
defining of specific flow for passed/failed test) - Associated objects
- Within one associated object will be applied
adaptive selection (respectively adaptive order)
according to the KT or MT - Related pages (from Possible extensions)
- adaptive selection and adaptive order
22Concept LS in use
- Combining of different LS of different LN within
the course - Random
- Learner-oriented approach
- Learners profile includes preferred LS for each
strategy-template - Active choice for each new strategy template
(based on description provided by
strategy-designer)