CANARIE

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CANARIE CAnet 4Customer Empowered
Networking

• http//www.canarie.ca
• http//www.canet3.net

Bill.St.Arnaud_at_canarie.ca Tel [phone]
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CANARIE Inc

• Mission To facilitate the development of
  Canadas communications infrastructure and
  stimulate next generation products, applications
  and services
• Canadian equivalent to Internet 2 and NGI
• private-sector led, not-for-profit consortium
• consortium formed 1993
• federal funding of 300m (1993-99)
• total project costs estimated over 600 M
• currently over 140 members 21 Board members

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The Context

• Telecom market trapped in a nuclear winter with
  no end in sight
• Bankrupt CLECs
• Failed wireless companies
• Troubled ILECs
• Huge over capacity and financial bubble
• The promise of de-regulation and competition are
  fading
• Return to a healthy and profitable industry is a
  long way off
• But despite all the gloom - there is a glimmer
  of hope in a new business model that may return
  the industry to profitability..

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Customer Owned Networks

• The customer owns the infrastructure (dark fiber,
  switches and wavelengths) while the carrier
  provides the service and network management
• Relieves the carrier of huge capital cost of
  infrastructure and gives customer greater
  flexibility in choice of service provider and
  control of the network
• Very similar parallel to evolution of computer
  industry from the centrally managed time share of
  the 1960s to the customer owned mini-computer of
  the 70s and the PC of the 80s
• Today telecom is largely a service industry much
  like time share computing of the 60s
• Asset based telecom puts customer in control and
  ownership of the network
• Asset based telecom started with the same people
  who brought you the Internet our universities
  and research centers

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Customer owned networks

• Most Canadian universities and research centers
  own and control local loop dark fiber
• Many regional networks also have their own fiber
  networks
• BCnet, Netera, RISQ, ORION, ACORN
• On a national basis CAnet 4 in Atlantic Canada
• CANARIE will own the fiber and equipment and
  operate infrastructure as a condominium
• Other organizations can buy into condominium
• Group Telecom (Chapter 11 CLEC) will operate and
  manage the equipment under contract to the
  condominium association
• CANARIE gets 16 wavelengths, carrier gets 16
  wavelengths to sell managed services or to other
  condominium owners
• If GT goes bankrupt, condominium association can
  find another company to manage the network

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RISQ Fiber Network
Network
450 Km
OC-12
MAN
Scale 100 Km
250 Km
Dark fiber
Leased bandw.
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Level 3 provides dark fiber for California
Research Network
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BOEING BUILDS PRIVATE NATIONWIDE OPTICAL NETWORK

• Boeing awarded an estimated US20 million
  contract to Nortel Networks to build a private
  nationwide optical network based on DWDM and next
  generation SONET. Plans call for the deployment
  of OPTera Long Haul 1600 Optical Line Systems and
  OPTera Metro 3500 Multiservice Platform in
  multiple cities across the country.
  http//www.nortelnetworks.com/corporate/news/newsr
  eleases/2002c/07_23_02_boeing.html

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Circuit Switched Networks!!

• Recent research from Dr. Malathi Veeraraghavan
  NY Polytechnic
• With hardware signaling, even at low RT
  propagation delay and long-path environments,
  Circuit Switched does better
• 3.5 times lower delay at a 50ms prop. delay at
  1Gbps for a 20MB file
• Zing a transport protocol that uses an
  end-to-end circuit in conjunction with TCP/IP
  path
• Circuit switching not inherently bad
• The telco business/engineering model has given CS
  a bad name
• Can we take attributes and benefits of
  connectionless network like Internet,
  particularly end 2 end principle, and apply to CS
  networks?

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The Problem with CS

• Current optical switched circuits are edge to
  edge within a single carrier cloud
• Any changes to circuit in terms of bandwidth or
  topology requires release of current circuit and
  establishment of new circuit
• Customer cannot make autonomous topology or
  bandwidth changes or cross connect to another
  circuit within the carrier cloud
• No inter-domain optical routing protocol
• Customer cannot set up an end to end wavelength
  across multiple domains
• No optical services for end2end light path across
  the campus/enterprise and across the carrier
  cloud
• All current optical services are based on a
  client server model
• No ability to exchange wavelengths and services
  on a peer to peer basis

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Approaches to Circuit Switching

• Two solutions
• Flow switching (e.g Ipsilon, ATM)
• Application switching
• Flow switching has major limitations
• Out of packet sequence problems on initiation of
  flow
• Detecting beginning and ending of long flows
  requires a lot of packet sniffing, timers and
  state
• Difficult to setup across interdomain networks
• Application switching
• Allows application to direct flow to dedicated
  channel e.g GridFTP
• Allows OS bypass and large MTU and non TCP for
  greater efficiency
• Allows web service interface for signal and setup
  of dedicated path

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The Future -CAnet 4?

• Funded by Govt of Canada for 110m now fully
  operational
• A network of point to point condominium
  wavelengths
• Universities and researcher own and control their
  own lightpaths or wavelengths and associated
  cross connects on each switch
• All lightpaths terminate at switches where
  condominium owner can manage their own portion of
  the switch
• add/drop STS channel or lightpaths
• cross connect to another condominium owners STS
  channels or wavelengths
• Web service architecture for management of
  optical networks
• Plan to use OGSA for optical management
• Owners of wavelengths determine topology and
  routing of their particular light paths
• Condominium owner can recursively sub partition
  their wavelengths and give ownership to other
  entities
• Wavelengths become objects complete with
  polymorphism, inheritance, classes, etc Object
  Oriented Networking

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CAnet 4 Architecture
CANARIE
GigaPOP
ORAN DWDM
Carrier DWDM
Edmonton
Saskatoon
St. Johns
Calgary
Regina
Quebec
Winnipeg
Charlottetown
Thunder Bay
Montreal
Victoria
Ottawa
Vancouver
Fredericton
Halifax
Boston
Chicago
Seattle
New York
CAnet 4 node)
Toronto
Possible future CAnet 4 node
Windsor
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Initial Version of Mini-IXExternal Proxy Server
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Example
Local Border Router
AS2
AS3
AS1
AS4
x.x.x.1
2
1
Destination
LPO I/F
End2End Lightpath Creation Agent
LOS Server
4
LPO
LPO
LPO
LPO
LPO
LPO
LPO
3
5
LPO I/F
LPO I/F
LOS Server
AS5
Registry
LPO
WSIL pointers, UDDI or IRR
Advertises LPO between AS2 and AS4
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Campus VLAN to OBGP
Campus Border Router
End user
VLAN
1
3
802.1 p/q VLAN Server
LPO I/F
LPO I/F
End2End Lightpath Creation Agent
LOS Server
LPO
LPO
4
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Inspection.wsil
2
1.Border Router advertises VLAN lightpath and
external lightpath to GigaPOP 2. End user creates
lightpath object linking 2 objects 3. End user
(may) advertise newly created lightpath to other
entities
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OBGP

• Proposed new protocol to allow customer owned
  wavelengths to interconnect to each other at an
  optical switch
• Optical switch is in effect a mini-IX
• Use establishment of BGP or peers for process to
  establish light path cross connects
• Allows network admin to maintain routing policy
  on cross connect even though there may be a cut
  through path
• Traditional BGP gives no indication of route
  congestion or QoS, but with DWDM wave lengths
  edge router will have a simple QoS path of
  guaranteed bandwidth
• OBGP can use optical AS path to concatenate
  wavelengths across multiple AS to have continuous
  QoS path

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The future?Self Organizing Networks- RPON
Aggregator
Switch
ISP
Passive Optical Splitter
Neighborhood Node
Active laser at customer premises
Customer Controlled or Owned Fiber
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Conclusion

• The customer owns the infrastructure (dark fiber,
  switches and wavelengths) while the carrier
  provides the service and network management
• Relieves the carrier of huge capital cost of
  infrastructure and gives customer greater
  flexibility in choice of service provider and
  control of the network
• Universities and research networks are leading
  the way
• Significant opportunity for Taiwan telecom and
  optical industry to develop the technologies
  required for customer owned network