REGIONAL DISTRICT OF FRASERFORT GEORGE

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Green Energy Opportunities Landfill Gas
Management


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Overview

• About LFG
• Carbon Economy
• RDFFG Experience
• Option Evaluation
• Where to from here?

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About Landfill Gas

• Biological decomposition of organic waste
• Environmental liability
• Unique renewable energy source
• Methane generation predictable outcomes

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About Landfill Gas

• Methane and carbon dioxide
• Other trace constituents
• Saturated
• 500 Btu
• Global warming potential
• Risk and liabilities

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Site Specific Considerations

• Design capacity
• Depth of fill
• Waste stream characterization

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Renewable Energy LFG Potential

• Canadian landfills generate about 24 megatonnes
  of greenhouse gases annually
• About 25 of available LFG actively collected at
  33 locations
• 13 sites utilize LFG
• 82.5 mW
• Industrial process fuel
• Additional 47 candidate locations

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Renewable Energy LFG Potential

• United States
• About 335 operational LFG to Energy facilities
• About 578 candidate sites

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The Carbon Economy

• Kyoto Protocol 2008-12
• Carbon budget
• Carbon has value

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ERRs?

• Emission Reduction Rights not credits in Canada
  (not yet)
• Result from the destruction of methane (real,
  verifiable, quantifiable, surplus and unique)
• May become credits once Fed. Govt. sets the rules
  
• Market exists now for ERRs

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Conditional Grant Concept

• FCM capital grant to install capture and flare
  system at Foothills site (along with 30,000
  grant for MVP)
• RD transfers ERRs to GMIF resulting from flaring
  of methane, or potential beneficial use at
  Foothills site
• FCM sells ERRs to recover the amount of the grant
• Balance of revenue from sale of ERRs to RD after
  FCM repaid

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Phase 3 2022 to 2041
Phase 2 2012 to 2021
Phase 1 2002 to 2011
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The RDFFG Experience

• Progressive Closure and LFG Capture and Flare
  Project 2002
• 3.75 million

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Closure Area
Header Line
Blower Building Flare Tower
3 Phase Hydro Line
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Well Layout
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Technical Review

• Considered Eight Beneficial Use Concepts
• Analysis included
• Design and operation considerations
• Capital and Operating Costs
• Application experience
• LFG consumption rates
• Efficiencies
• Emissions

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Narrowing the Options

• Tests
• Simplicity
• Reliability
• Practicality

• Considerations
• Product Production
• Marketing
• Distribution

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Technical Review

• Direct Thermal
• Internal Combustion Reciprocating Engines
• Turbines
• Microturbines

• Fuel Cells
• Refine LFG to High Grade Btu Fuel
• Liquid Compressed Natural Gas
• Leachate Treatment

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Direct Thermal

• LFG used as a fuel for Heating
• Boilers / Space Heaters
• Community Energy
• Direct use by end user
• Cement or Drying Kilns
• Lumber Dryers
• Asphalt Production
• Greenhouse

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Internal Combustion Reciprocating Engine

• Electrical Power Generation
• Space Heating

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Turbines

• Electrical Power Generation

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Microturbines

• Electrical Power Generation

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Fuel Cells

• Electrical Power Production
• Zero Emission Vehicle Fuel

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Upgrade to High BTU Fuel

• Inject into existing natural gas pipeline

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Vehicle Fuels

• Compressed Natural Gas
• Liquid Natural Gas

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CFS Alternative Fuels
Landfill Gas Purification and LNG Production
TSA REGENERATION WASTE
CHILLER
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1
ENGINE
LFG
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FUEL
LEACHATE
GAS
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CLEAN LFG
WASTE HEAT
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FLARE
AMBIENT
FLARE
CO2
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1. Gas from the landfill flare station enters the
purifier. 2. The gas is compressed and chilled to
remove water and heavy organic materials 3. Water
and heavy organic chemicals are vaporized and
burned in the flare. 4. Purified gas enters the
adsorption beds to filter any remaining trace
chemicals. 5. Last impurities are removed and
incinerated in the flare. 6. Clean landfill
gases, which are now methane (CH4), nitrogen
(N2), and carbon dioxide (CO2), enter the vacuum
cold box. 7. A cryogenic refrigerator drives the
purification and liquefaction process. 8. Pure
CO2 is cryogenically separated for resale. 9. N2
CH4 are separated from the product
stream. 10. N2 CH4 is used to drive the engine
for the plant. N2 is released back into the
atmosphere. 11. High purity CH4 is now LNG fuel
ready for distribution.
N2
CO2
CH4
9
7
CO2 - LNG
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SEPARATION
CH4
COLD BOX
T 360.794.3755 F 360.794-4636 www.cryofuelsystems.
com
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Leachate Treatment

• Treat leachate generated from LFG condensate

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Projects are where you find them
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Got a Burning Solution?
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Regional District of Fraser-Fort George