Year

1
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2
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3
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4
Coastal Groundfish Abundance
1934
"most species of
groundfish are growing
scarcer"
1918
"flourishing"
Lobster Landings (metric tons)
Average
Lobstering
Lobstering but
Coastal Predators
No Coastal Predators
Year
Steneck 1997.
5
A Trophic Cascade .....
Herbivore
Prey
6
A Trophic Cascade .....
7
Carpets of Sea urchins
8
Gulf of Maine
Fig. 4
Urchin Fishery
Coastal cod extirpated 1930s - 1940
Kelp Forests Patchy
ABUNDANCE INDEX
Nursery habitat for crabs
compiled from 5 studies
9
Jonah Crab (Gulf of Maine)
6
5
4
No. of Jonah crabs per tow
3
2
1
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Year
NMFS Trawl Surveys
Leland et al (submitted)