European integration

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European integration
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Important milestones 1.

• 1951 Treaty of Paris on European Coal and Steel
  Community
• 1954 French Assembly votes down European
  Defense Treaty
• 1957 Treaty of Rome on EEC and Euratom (force
  1/1/1958)
• 1962 EEC Assembly named European Parliament
• 1965 Empty chairs crisis Merger Treaty
• 1970 Start of European Political Co-operation,
• forerunner of CFSP
• 1973 Accession of UK, IE, DM
• 1979 Creation of European Monetary System
• first direct elections to EP
• 1981 Accession of EL
• 1986 Accession of ES, PT
• 1986 Single European Act (force 1987)
• 1992 Treaty of Maastricht (force 1 March 1993)
• 1995 Accession of AT, SV, FI

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Important milestones 2.

• 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam (force 1 May 1999)
• 1999 euro created
• 2002 euro coins and notes enter into
  circulation
• 2002 Treaty of Nice (force 1 February 2003)
• 2004 Accession of Eastern Europe and CY, MA
• 2004 Constitutional Treaty (approved as a draft
  text only)
• 2007 RO and BG join the EU

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The Treaty

• Merger Treaty of 1965 merges EEC, Euratom Coal
  and Steel Treaties into a single document, often
  referred to as EC Treaty or Treaty of Rome.
  Treaty of Rome used to describe both the 1957
  treaty and the merged Community treaty
• Single European Act amends EC Treaty
• Treaty of Maastricht amends EC Treaty and
  creates Treaty on European Union or EU Treaty.
  EC/EU Treaty often referred to as Treaties
• Treaty of Amsterdam and Nice amends EC/EU Treaty
• Try to remember when they were signed and when
  they entered into force!

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European Commission Presidents

• Jean Monnet, High Authority President (FR)
  1952-1955
• René Mayer, High Authority President (FR)
  1955-1958
• Walter Hallstein (DE) 1958-1967
• Jean Rey (BE) 1967-1970
• Franco Malfatti (IT) 1970-1972
• Sicco Mansholt (NL) 1972
• Francois-Xavier Ortoli (FR) 1973-1977
• Roy Jenkins (UK) 1977-1981
• Gaston Thorn (LU) 1981-1985
• Jacques Delors (FR) 1985-1995
• Jacques Santer (LU) 1995-1999
• Manuel Marin (ES) acting March 1999
  September 1999
• Romano Prodi (IT) 1999-2004
• José Manuel Barroso (PT) 2004-

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European Parliament Presidents

• Paul Henry Spaak 1952-1954
• Nicole Fontaine 1999-2002
• Pat Cox 2002-2004
• Josep Borrell Fontelles 2004-2007
• Hans-Gert Pöttering 2007-2009

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Founding Fathers

• Jean Monnet French politician, businessman,
  diplomat, lobbyist, father of Coal and Steel
  Community and EEC
• Robert Schuman French politician, father of
  CSC and EEC,
• famous for 9 May 1950 declaration of European
  unity
• (Europe day)
• Paul-Henri Spaak Belgian politican, leader of
  Messina
• Conference on EEC Treaty
• Walter Hallstein German politician, first
  President of EC
• Altiero Spinelli Italian politician,
  Federalist thinker,
• Communist Member of EP, author of EP report on
  political union in 1984
• Jacques Delors French politician, EC
  President, father of
• Single Market, economic monetary union and
  political union

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Other important people (trivia)

• Vassilios Skouris President of the European
  Court of Justice
• Bo Vesterdorf President of the Court of First
  Instance
• Jean-Claude Trichet President of the European
  Central Bank
• Hubert Weber President of the European Court of
  Auditors
• Philippe Maystadt President of the European
  Investment Bank
• Nikoforos Diamandouros the European Ombudsman
• Javier Solana High Representative for CFSP /
  Secretary General of the Council

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Various other things worth knowing (trivia) 1.

• European Capital of Culture Patras, EL (in
  2006) Luxembourg, LU and Sibiu, RO (in 2007)
  Liverpool, UK and Stavanger, NO (in 2008)
• European Cultural Month similar, intended for
  candidate
• countries, lasting only a month
• European anthem, flag, official day, motto
  (Unity in diversity)
• Seats of the Union and its institutions
• Brussels Council, Commission, Parliament and
  some
• temporary and permanent agencies
• Luxembourg EIB, ECJ, Parliament Secretariat,
  Council meetings
• Strasbourg Parliament, Commission meetings
• Agencies!!! (see slides on Institutions)
• Upcoming Presidencies DE, PT, SI

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Various other things worth knowing 2.

• Europe prizes Sakharov Prize (Parliament, for
  freedom of thought, last winner (2005)
  Alyaksandr Byalyatski), Alexander Milinkievich
  (2006)
• Charlemagne Prize (City of Aachen, last winner
  (2006) Jean-Claude Juncker)
• Official languages 23 including Irish Treaty
  language and working language of the ECJ (Irish
  official language from 1/1/2007)
  Luxembourgish/Letzeburgish is not an
• official language, neither is Catalan or Basque
• Commissioners, their nationalities and
  portfolios
• Buzzwords Lisbon strategy, Hague programme,
  Tampere
• programme, Laeken declaration, Copenhagen
  criteria, Petersberg tasks, Gothenburg strategy,
  Mainstreaming

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Geography, economy, etc.

• Size, location, neighbours and population of
  Member States
• Capitals
• Population of EU-25, EU-27
• Basic economic parameters of Member States
• Membership of other Treaties, zones,
  organisations Schengen, EEA, eurozone, NATO,

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Good information sources

• The Internet (see links in Other Packs)
• Newspapers Financial Times European edition,
  European
• Voice, EUobserver, Agence Europe Europe
  Information Service (subsciption only),
• Nicolas Moussis Access to the European Union
• (everybody has a favourite EU book to study from,
  this one is ours, great on policies)
• Treaties and Constitution
• (no need to learn it but useful to peek into)
• Mock tests
• The Ultimate EU Test Book (www.eu-testbook.com)