ALCOHOL

1
ALCOHOL

• Unit 3
• Unit 7 in Book
• Page 411

2
History

• In 1851, Maine became the first state to pass a
  law prohibiting the sale manufacture of
  alcohol.
• 18th Amendment (1919) U.S. prohibited sale
  manufacture of alcohol.
• 21st Amendment- (1933) repealed the 18th
  amendment, now the control of manufacture and
  sale of liquor became a state responsibility.

3
Alcohol Today

• Nations 1 Drug Problem
• 100 million adults (60-70 of total population
  use)
• Used more than any other drug
• 10 million adult alcoholics
• 3 million teenage alcoholics/ problem drinkers

4
Alcohol Today

• ½ of all crime
• 75 of violent crimes
• Alcohol is negatively linked with violence, rape,
  suicide, breaking the law, academic apathy,
  accidental death, injuries, irresponsible
  decisions, STI/ STDs, job loss, divorce, and
  serious illness.
• Alcohol related diseases lead to 12,000 deaths/
  year
• 1 Cirrhosis

5
Motor Vehicle Deaths

• 1982
• 25,000 (57 of deaths)
• 1993
• 17,400 (44)
• 2000
• 16,068 (38)
• 2002
• 17,419 (41)
• 2003
• 17,401 (40)

6
Classes of Drinkers (3 classes)

• Social
• Moderate, safe amounts consumed by adult (21 yrs
  or older)
• Problem
• Self or others at risk
• Alcoholic
• dependent

7
Class of Drinkers

• About one in ten drinkers is or will become an
  alcoholic/problem drinker.
• Most adults who drink in the U.S., drink as a
  social drinker.

8
Responsible (over 21) Alcohol Use

• Know limit
• Space out drinks
• Small glasses
• Dilute mix drinks
• Eat while consuming
• Dont drink and drive
• Dont drink and use medication
• Dont drink if pregnant or not sure
• Babys of mothers who drink may be born with
  fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
• See page 415

9
P.411

• Alcohol-
• Fermentation-
• Distillation-
• Proof-

10
1 Drink (1/2 oz of pure ethanol)

• One 12 oz can of beer (4.5 alcohol)
• 1 ¼ oz of 80 proof hard liquor (distilled) (40
  alcohol)
• Proof amount of alcohol in a beverage as
  measured by , double the of alcohol
• Ex/ Beverage with 20 alcohol is 40 proof (page
  411)
• 1 oz of 100 proof liquor
• 3-5 oz of wine (12-14 alcohol)
• 1 wine cooler (1.5-6 alcohol)
• Non-alcoholic Beer- contains some alcohol (less
  than 1)

11
Alcohol the Body

• About 20 of alcohol consumed is absorbed into
  bloodstream through stomach walls.
• The majority is absorbed through intestine walls.
• The remaining alcohol is excreted through urine,
  perspiration, or breath.

12
How Alcohol Affects the Body p.414

• Nervous system
• Brain
• Blackouts (a period in which a person cannot
  remember what has happened)
• Seizures
• Dementia (decline in all areas of mental
  functioning)
• Alcohol is a sedative hypnotic (depressant)

13
Digestive systemP.414

• Developing cancers of mouth, esophagus, stomach
• Ulcers, open sore
• Liver disease (cirrhosis)
• Stage I- liver enlarged with fatty tissue
• Stage II- Alcohol Hepatitis
• Stage III- Cirrhosis/Hardening of liver
• Alcohol is oxidized by the normal, healthy liver
  at the rate of one drink every 1 hour.

14
Immune system

• Increased risk of developing illnesses
• Respiration infections
• Tuberculosis-
• Certain cancers

15
Affects on Body p. 414

• Cardiovascular system
• Damages organs
• Increased risk for cardiovascular disease, high
  blood pressure, stroke
• Skeletal system
• Body loses calcium
• Osteoporosis
• Urinary system
• Can cause kidney failure
• Reproductive system
• Female cause irregular periods
• Male affects size of testes and muscle
  development

16
Alcohol Affects Every Cell in the Body

• Most alcohol is changed to harmless waste by the
  liver
• Liver can only process about 1 drink/ hour
• If drink more then this the excess alcohol build
  up in the body
• Alcohol goes to body tissue before excretion
• Effects of alcohol intensify
• Concentration of alcohol in blood increases

17
Hangover- a result of the chemicals used to make
alcohol.

• The only true treatment for a hangover is time!
• When treating hangover symptoms, you should not
  use tylenol, because it can cause permanent liver
  damage.
• One of the worst things you can do for a person
  is give them another alcoholic beverage.

18
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) p. 413

• Higher the BAC, the greater the effects of
  alcohol on the body.
• If the amount of alcohol (a toxin) is too large,
  stomach will reject it
• Vomiting
• Too much of a toxin (alcohol) can be poisonous.

19
Factors that affect BAC (see text pg
412/413)

• Amount consumed
• Body weight
• Feelings
• Amount of food eaten
• Carbonation of beverage

• Speed consumed
• of body fat
• Gender
• Presence of other drugs in blood
• Age

20
What Happens as BAC Increases

• See text page 413

21
Alcohol Laws P.418

• Liquor Control Board
• Controls all sales of alcoholic beverages
• Underage Drinking
• Zero-tolerance law
• Lowers the legal BAC level for intoxicated
  drivers under 21 yrs of age
• Driving Under the Influence (DUI)
• Breathalyzer test accurate and common way police
  check BAC
• Under 21 yrs 0.02
• Over 21 yrs 0.08

22
Laws Cont. 415 Chart

• Parents can not buy alcohol for their children
  even if it is their own home.
• Parents can be help accountable face fines for
  serving minors on their property.
• A person under 21 can be arrested for underage
  drinking in PA if they are consuming,
  transporting possessing alcohol.
• See law handout

23
Alcoholism (see text pg 419)

• Disease in which there is physical and
  psychological dependence on alcohol.
• Alcohol is a depressant.
• Difficulty controlling behavior
• Denial
• Withdrawal
• Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
• Is the reaction of the body to sudden stopping of
  drinking
• Delirium Tremens
• Is a severe form of alcohol withdrawal syndrome
  in which there are hallucinations and muscle
  convulsions

24
Getting Help p.420

• Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
• Recovery program for people who have alcoholism
• Al-Anon
• Recovery program for people who have friends or
  family members with alcoholism
• Al-Ateen
• Recovery program for teens who have a family
  member or friend with alcoholism