Marine Ecology

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Flow of energy through a living system energy is
degraded w/ each step
Fig 12-3, p.238
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Generalized trophic pyramid
Fig 12-6, p.241
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Simplified food web
Fig 12-7, p.242
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Factors that effect

• Light
• Temperature
• (among othersthat you already know)

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Fig 12-9, p.244
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Fig 12-11, p.247
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Life in the Ocean

• The PELAGIC community!
• A Pelagic community is a community of organisms
  that live suspended in the water columnthey
  either float (plankton) or swim (nekton).
• This is different than those that live on shore,
  on the bottom (etc.)

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Pelagic Communitiy, Plankton And nekton
Fig 13-1, p.258
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Bony fish examples
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Deep sea angler fish
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Marine Mammals that live in the
pelagic zone (Baleen)
Fig 13-21, p.275
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Marine Mammals that live in the
pelagic zone (Toothed)
Fig 13-21, p.276
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Next

• Since we know some of the organisms that live
  there, we can also study their interactions (w/
  each other and w/I the community structure)

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Marine Ecology

• The study of interactions of marine organisms
  with each other and with their environment

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Population

• A group of organisms of the same species
  occupying a specific area

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Community

• Many populations of organisms that interact with
  each other at a particular location

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Community Composition

• Physical factors
• temperature, salinity, dessication, pressure
• can all limit where an organism can survive
• Biological factors
• larval supply, competition, predation,
  parasitism,
• can also limit where an organism can be found

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Physical Factors

• range of tolerance
• Steno narrow
• Eury wide or broad
• Examples
• stenothermal or eurythermal
• stenohaline or euryhaline

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Biological Factors

• Competition
• Predation
• Symbiosis

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Competition

• limited supply of resources
• Intraspecific competition
• between individuals of the same species
• Leads to adaptation
• Interspecific competition
• between individuals of different species
• may lead to competitive exclusion

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Predation

• Can also affect community structure
• Allows for increased diversity when superior
  competitor is preferred prey

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Symbiosis

• the co-occurrence of two species in which the
  life of one is closely tied with the life of
  another

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Symbiosis

• Three types
• mutualism ()
• Anemone fish, cleaner shrimp, zooxanthellae
• commensalism (0)
• Pea crabs, pilotfish shark
• parasitism (-)
• roundworms

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