RealWorld Arguments

1
Real-World Arguments

• seldom prove can only make a good case
  strengthen the resolve of those who agree with
  you or weaken the resistance of those who oppose
  you (WA, 89)
• grounded in beliefs, assumptions, or values
  granted by the audience (89) that may be
  unstated

2
Enthymeme

• an incomplete logical structure that depends,
  for its completeness, on one or more unstate
  assumptions (values, beliefs, principles) that
  serve as the starting point of the argument (90)
• claim stated reason (because clause)
  enthymeme

3
The Toulmin System

• Warrant unstated assumption that completes
  the enthymemes logical structure
• Grounds support for the claim (evidence,
  data, statistics, examples, facts)
• Backing supports the warrant (answers
  questions of how do you know that ? or
  why do you believe that? with reference to
  the warrant)

4
The Toulmin System (cont)

• Conditions of rebuttal conditions under
  which reason or warrant might not
  hold exceptions
• Qualifiers limit the force of a claim