Biological Psychology: The Major Issues

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Biological PsychologyThe Major Issues

• James Kalat
• N. C. State University

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Brain and ConsciousnessIs the question
answerable?
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Consciousness subjective experience.Operationa
l definitionIf you are conscious of something,
you can describe it in words.
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1. Consciousness is selective, attentive.
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2. Spatial Neglect

• Many people with right-hemisphere damage ignore
  the left side of the world.

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3. Not all stimuli become conscious. How does
brain activity differ between those that do
become conscious, and those that dont?
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29 ms
29 ms
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4. Binocular Rivalry
Alternation between perceiving the pattern in
your left eye and perceiving the pattern in your
right eye.
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Fate of the stimulus not attended

• Unconsciously processed.
• More likely to capture attention if meaningful.

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5. Can we use brain scans to infer consciousness?
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6. ConsciousnessGradual or a Threshold
Phenomenon?
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7. Conscious Experience as a ConstructionThe
phi phenomenon reconsidered
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SoConsciousness is constructed retroactively
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Auditory perception as another example of
retroactive consciousness
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8. Binding

• Requires Simultaneity
• Requires Localization

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What would it be like to lack binding?
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In the following display,

• Count the vowels,
• And notice anything else that might occur.

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How many vowels?What color was the circle?
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How many vowels? (15)What color was the circle?
(green)
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9. Consciousness and action
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Relationship of Premotor Cortex Activity to
Conscious Decision
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Tentative Conclusions about Consciousness

• Depends on amount extent of brain activity.
• Threshold, all or none phenomenon
• Consciousness is constructed, not simultaneous
  with events, sometimes punctuated with gaps.
• Binding an experience depends on simultaneity and
  localization.
• Much processing occurs unconsciously.
• Consciousness seems to be a reporter of decisions
  rather than a cause.