Design and construction of

1
Design and construction of Nuclotron-based Ion
Collider fAcility (NICA) and Mixed Phase Detector
(MPD)
Conceptual design proposal by AC WG-II
A.D. Kovalenko
ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6-
7, 2006.
2
NICA general layout by WG-II
NOTE THE IDEA TO CONSIDER ION COLLIDER BASED ON
THE NUCLOTRON WAS PUT FORWARD BY THE ACCELERATOR
WORKING GROUP II

• The possibility of fixed target experiments is
  exist
• The investigation of light and middle weight ion
  collisions including polarized deuterons
  (collision energy and luminosity will be larger
  in the case)
• The experiments at the internal target installed
  inside one the collider rings can be considered
  as well

ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6-
7, 2006.
A.D. Kovalenko
3
NICA cost schedule by WG-II

• Cost of the booster is based on the Nuclotron
  project cost scaled as ratio of the lengths.
• The collider rings cost is estimated based on the
  LHC cost. The two main scale factors were used
  ratio of the lengths (k1) and ratio of the
  magnetic fields ( kB 2), i.e. CNICA CLHC /
  k1kB 2 . Cost of RD, preparatory work, transfer
  lines, injection and extraction systems,
  radiation safety conditions unexpected works will
  increase this cost by a factor of 2-2.5.

• The design and construction of magnets and
  cryogenic systems of the both as booster and
  collider can be made by JINR and JINR
  member-countries. Part of special works on RF
  system, fast kickers, special SC magnets and
  some other systems should be performed by those
  collaborating Laboratories who have more
  experience in the mentioned directions.

ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6-
7, 2006.
A.D. Kovalenko
4
The essential cost saving factors

• No new buildings, no additional power supply
  lines, heat, water cooling
• The U-beam peak energy (2.5 GeV/u) used in the
  colliding mode is much less than that was
  discussed preliminary for fixed target
  experiments (5-10 GeV/u) thus, the problems of
  radiation safety will take less cost
• The needed upgrade of the Nuclotron ring
  including ion source has been considered and
  presented within the project Nuclotron-M
• The design of a fast-cycling superferric 84 m
  booster for the Nuclotron was made earlier,
  although the lattice should be redesigned based
  on the new specification and the recent data
  obtained at BNL, CERN and GSI
• The JINR has a long-term experience in
  superconducting cables and magnets design and
  fabrication, thus magnet-cryostat systems of both
  as booster and collider rings can be manufactured
  by the Institutes workshops
• Additional high capacity cryogenic plant is not
  necessary.

ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6-
7, 2006.
A.D. Kovalenko
5
The existing Nuclotron facility

• The Nuclotron was built for five years
  (1987-1992), the main equipment of its magnetic
  system, and many other systems as well, was
  fabricated by the JINR central and the LHE
  workshops without having recourse to specialized
  industry. The Nuclotron ring of 251.5 m in
  perimeter is installed in the tunnel with a
  cross-section of 2.5m x 3 m that was a part of
  the Synchrophasotron infrastructure

• The main design criteria specified for the
  Nuclotron construction were the following
•         Much less electric power consumption
•         Substantial improvements of vacuum
  inside a beam pipe
•         Faster ramp and longer flat top of the
  magnetic field
•         Cost saving for materials and work
•         Maximum use of the existing facilities
  and infrastructure of the Synchrophasotron.

All the mentioned conditions were realized in
1987-93 within the project Replacement of the
Synchrophasotron magnetic system by a
superconducting one Nuclotron.
NOTE the injector (ion sources, linac upgrade,
booster) and slow extraction system as were not
included in the project due to lack of money
ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6-
7, 2006.
A.D. Kovalenko
6
ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6-
7, 2006.
A.D. Kovalenko
7

NUCLOTRON MAIN PARAMETERS
ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6-
7, 2006.
A.D. Kovalenko
8
SYNCHROPHASOTRON/NUCLOTRON ANNUAL RUNNIG TIME
ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6-
7, 2006.
A.D. Kovalenko
9
SEARCHING for the MIXED PHASE
ACCELERATOR RD GOAL DISCUSSED AT THE ROUND
TABLE-I Au, , U ion beams at the energies
above 5 GeV/u

• THE MAIN NECESSARY NUCLOTRON DEVELOPMENT
• ION SOURCE KRION
• VACUUM IN THE RING
• FIELD RAMP B ? 2 T/s
• LINAC LU-20 UPGRADE
• BEAM DIAGNOSTICS etc.

ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6-
7, 2006.
A.D. Kovalenko
10
Reaching 5 Gev/u for heavy ions ( A 200)
pc(GeV/cu) 0.3B?(z/A) (Tm), where ?
L(B)N/2p
Operation of the Nuclotron magnetic system at 2.2
T make it possible to reach 6.527 GeV/u if
z/A0.5. Thus, 5 GeV/u can be reached for z/A
0.383.

• The number of dipoles in the Nuclotron ring, N
  96
• L(_at_2T) 1.396 m, ? 29.917 m and pc
  12.55(z/A)
• L(_at_2.2T) 1.385 m,? 21.17 m and pc 13.96(z/A)

ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6-
7, 2006.
A.D. Kovalenko
11

PROJECT NUCLOTRON-M

• The project include
• improvement of the beam pipe pumping system
• structural magnets power supply upgrade
• beam extraction system
• beam diagnostic and control system
• RF system
• beam transfer line from the Nuclotron ring to the
  main
• experimental area
• radiation shield ( F3 area mainly)
• cryogenic supply system
• ion source development
• booster magnets RD

The project Nuclotron-M has been prepared for
the approval procedure. The project cost is about
3.0 M USD for two years starting from 2007.
ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6-
7, 2006.
A.D. Kovalenko
12
Ion source KRION

• The improved EBIS-type ion source KRION is
  chosen for generation of the primary beam of
  highly charged state ions.

• We consider as practically feasible for
  realization within the coming two years the new
  ion source with 6 T solenoid and pulse
  repetition rate of 5-10 Hz, i.e. (4-8)1010 U30
  ions per second.

ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6-
7, 2006.
A.D. Kovalenko
13
NUCLOTRON HEAVY ION INJECTION SCHEME
LIMITATION by KRION higher charge
state lower intensity
LIMITATION from LU-20 Z/A gt 0.3
LIMITATION by the NUCLOTRON
single-turn injection ( 8.3 mks )
ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6-
7, 2006.
A.D. Kovalenko
14
Booster/Nuclotron/Collider
ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6-
7, 2006.
A.D. Kovalenko
15
Booster/Nuclotron/Collider
ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6-
7, 2006.
A.D. Kovalenko
16
FAST CYCLING BOOSTER
The maximum operating current was increased to 12
kA. The current ramp rate of 120 kA/s was
obtained at cycled operation at 3 Hz. Limitation
from the power supply voltage ( 40 V)
ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6-
7, 2006.
A.D. Kovalenko
17
BOOSTER

• The version is similar to that presented earlier
  at ASC2000, EPAC2000 and EPAC2002.
• The circumference of the booster ring is 1/3
  of the Nuclotron.
• The large aperture of both lattice dipole and
  quadrupole magnets is one of the main design
  features.
• the magnet cold mass consisting of a SC-winding,
  a beam pipe, a reinforcing shell and correcting
  windings (if needed), is fabricated as a common
  rigid unit separated from the iron yoke.
• The yoke temperature of 80 K.
• The cold mass having a substantially lower weight
  and surface and the cooled iron yoke are
  suspended inside the cryostat,
• The two substantial features should be realized
  in the new design 1) pulse repetition rate of 5
  Hz and 2) high level of vacuum in a beam pipe.
• The possibility to construct superferric magnet
  operating at 3-5 Hz have been demonstrated at our
  Laboratory. The 80K yoke magnet models have been
  tested also. The new 12 kA NbTi composite hollow
  cable have been manufactured and tested. The new
  booster lattice of DF-type is under
  optimization. The maximum energy of the booster
  should exceed 100 MeV/u to provide reasonable
  (practically achievable) vacuum level in the
  Nuclotron beam pipe.

ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6-
7, 2006.
A.D. Kovalenko
18

ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6-
7, 2006.
A.D. Kovalenko
19
NICA 4 T COLLIDER DIPOLE
THE CONCEPT OF HOLLOW CABLE COOLED WITH TWO-PHASE
HELIUM FLOW IS USED. NEVERTHELESS, THE SC WIRES
ARE DIVIDED INTO THREE ELECTRICALLY INSULATED
GROUPS.
ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6-
7, 2006.
A.D. Kovalenko
20
NICA OPERATION CYCLE COOLIG POWER
The total equivalent refrigerator load needed to
cool the NICA facility will be 3290 W at 4.5 K.
Taking into account also about 30 capacity
reserve, necessary equivalent capacity of the
refrigerators estimated to 4.3 kW at 4.5 K.
3 x 7 SC wires of 1.04 mm equivalent diameter
each. Io 5 kA, Ic 7.89 kA
ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6-
7, 2006.
A.D. Kovalenko