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FUTURE PROBLEM SOLVING

• LEARNING
• THINKING
• COMMUNICATING

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• INTERSCHOLASTIC
• ACADEMIC
• COMPETITION

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GOALS OF THE FUTURE PROBLEM SOLVING PROGRAM

• DEVELOP CREATIVE THINKING
• INCREASE AWARENESS OF AND INTEREST IN THE FUTURE
• IMPROVE COMMUNICATION SKILLS (BOTH VERBAL AND
  WRITTEN)

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GOALS OF THE FUTURE PROBLEM SOLVING PROGRAM
(CONTD)

• LEARN AND UTILIZE PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGIES
• DEVELOP TEAMWORK SKILLS
• DEVELOP AND IMPROVE RESEARCH TECHNIQUES
• EXERCISE CRITICAL AND ANALYTICAL THOUGHT

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PROCESS SKILLS

• ANALYZING COMPOSING
• APPLYING COMPREHENDING
• ASSUMING CONDENSING
• BUDGETING TIME CONCLUDING
• CLARIFYING COOPERATING
• CLASSIFYING CREATING
• COMPARING DECIDING

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PROCESS SKILLS (CONTD)

• DISCOVERING EXTRAPOLATING
• DISCUSSING IDENTIFYING
• DIVERGING INTERPRETING
• ELABORATING LISTENING
• EVALUATING OBSERVING
• EXPERIMENTING ORGANIZING

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PROCESS SKILLS (CONTD)

• PERFORMING SELECTING
• READING SOLVING
• RECALLING SPEAKING
• RESEARCHING SYNTHESIZING
• RESTRUCTURING UNIFYING
• SCHEDULING WRITING

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U.S. PARTICIPATION IN FPS
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WORLD PARTICIPATION IN FPS

• COUNTRIES PARTICIPATING IN FPS
• AFRICA AUSTRALIA
• NIGERIA NEW SOUTH WALES
• ASIA SOUTH AUSTRALIA
• HONG KONG NEW ZEALAND
• INDIA EUROPE
• PHILIPPINES BELGIUM
• SAUDI ARABIA ENGLAND
• PAKISTAN HOLLAND

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WORLD PARTICIPATION IN FPS (CONTD)

• COUNTRIES PARTICIPATING IN FPS
• EUROPE NORTH AMERICA
• NORWAY PUERTO RICO
• SPAIN UNITED STATES
• SWITZERLAND SOUTH AMERICA
• WEST GERMANY BOLIVIA
• NORTH AMERICA CHILE
• CANADA PERU
• MEXICO

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THE PROCESS AN OVERVIEW

• FUTURE PROBLEM SOLVING TEAM
• COACH
• 4 STUDENTS

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BLOOMS TAXONOMY
EVALUATION

• APPRAISE, CONCLUDE CRITICIZE,
  SUPPORT
• CREATE, COMBINE ORGANIZE,
  HYPOTHESIZE
• SEPARATE, CONTRAST SUMMARIZE,
  COMPUTE
• ORGANIZE CLASSIFY
• EXPLAIN EXTEND, SHOW
• DEFINE, DESCRIBE,
• LIST LABEL

SYNTHESIS
ANALYSIS
APPLICATION
COMPREHENSION
KNOWLEDGE
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BLOOMS TAXONOMY

• DESCRIBE BEST SOLUTION, SELECT
  CRITERIACRITERIA
• BRAINSTORM SOLUTIONS, DESCRIBE BEST
  SOLUTION
• BRAINSTORM PROBLEMS, BRAINSTORM
  SOLUTIONS
• IDENTIFY UL PROBLEM

EVALUATION
SYNTHESIS
ANALYSIS
APPLICATION
COMPREHENSION
KNOWLEDGE
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FPS TOPICS 1996-97

• 1. HOMES OF THE FUTURE COLUMBUS (11/9/97)
• 2. EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE HOME (1/1-1/15/97)
• 3. CASHLESS SOCIETY COLUMBUS (3/8 3/9/97)
• 4. COMPETITION SOLON (4/12/97)
• --------------------------------------------------
  ---------
• INTERNATIONAL INCREASING LIFE SPAN

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TOPICS FOR FPS

• SHRINKING TROPICAL FORESTS WATER
• THE ARMS RACE ILLITERACY
• POVERTY DRUNK DRIVING
• MEDICAL ADVANCES NUCLEAR WAR
• SPACE TRAVEL EDUCATION
• ACID RAIN GREENHOUSE EFFECT
• IMMIGRATION ELECTRONIC GAMES
• THE ELDERLY PRISONS
• GARBAGE LASERS
• CHANGING FAMILY STRUCTURES NUCLEAR WASTE

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PRACTICE PROBLEM

• A. RESEARCH TOPIC AREA (LEARNING)
• B. TEACH STUDENTS FPS PROCESS (THINKING)
• C. COMPLETE A PRACTICE PROBLEM BOOKLET
  (COMMUNICATING)
• D. BOOKLET RETURNED WITH FEEDBACK FROM EVALUATOR

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RESEARCH

• A. RESOURCE MANUAL (AVAILABLE FROM FPSP NATIONAL
  OFFICE
• B. NEWSWEEKLIES (TIME, NEWSWEEK, U.S. NEWS
  WORLD REPORT, ETC.)
• C. FUTURISTIC PERIODICALS (OMNI, THE FUTURIST,
  DISCOVER, ETC.)
• D. READERS GUIDE
• E. LOCAL EXPERTS
• F. FIELD TRIPS
• G. ???

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CREATIVE THINKING

• FLUENCY GENERATE A LARGE NUMBER OF RELEVANT
  IDEAS
• FLEXIBILITY THINK OF A VARIETY OF IDEAS
• ORIGINALITY PRODUCE NOVEL OR UNIQUE IDEAS
• ELABORATION EXPAND OR ADD DETAIL

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• FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT, AGE 9

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FUTURE PROBLEM SOLVING THE 6 STEP PROCESS

• RESEARCH TOPIC
• (FUZZY SITUATION -- FUTURISTIC SCENARIO
  DESCRIBING TOPIC)
• I. BRAINSTORM PROBLEMS
• II. IDENTIFY AN UNDERLYING PROBLEM
• III. BRAINSTORM SOLUTIONS
• IV. SELECT CRITERIA TO EVALUATE SOLUTIONS
• V. EVALUATE SOLUTIONS
• VI. DESCRIBE BEST SOLUTION

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STEP I BRAINSTORMING SUBPROBLEMS

• BRAINSTORM
• WRITE 20 SUBPROBLEMS
• USE COMPLETE SENTENCES
• USE TERMS OF POSSIBILITY (MAY, MIGHT)
• DESCRIBE WHAT THE PROBLEM IS AND WHY IT IS A
  PROBLEM

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HIGH SCHOOL DROPOUT PROBLEMS

• DEFENSE BECAUSE THE U.S. ARMED FORCES NEED A
  HIGHLY TRAINED WORKFORCE, H.S. DROPOUTS MAY NOT
  BE DESIRABLE RECRUITS.
• LAW JUSTICE RESEARCH INDICATES THAT 25 OF
  H.S. STUDENTS MAY DROP OUT. SOME OF THESE
  STUDENTS MAY TURN TO DRUG USE. THIS MAY RESULT
  IN INCREASED CRIME.
• SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS ACCORDING TO THE C.B.S.
  SPECIAL, AMERICAS TOUGHEST ASSIGNMENT," SOME
  HIGH SCHOOLS ARE LARGE AND IMPERSONAL. THIS
  IMPERSONAL HIGH SCHOOL MAY CONTRIBUTE TO
  ALIENATION WHICH MAY RESULT IN DROPPING OUT.

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STEP II. IDENTIFY AN UNDERLYING PROBLEM

• A. CATEGORIZE STEP 1 PROBLEMS
• B. SELECT ONE PROBLEM CATEGORY
• C. WRITE UNDERLYING PROBLEM USING 4 ELEMENTS
  LISTED ON THE NEXT SLIDE...

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STEP II. IDENTIFY AN UNDERLYING PROBLEM (CONTD)

• STEM(S)
• HOW MIGHT WE OR
• IN WHAT WAYS MIGHT WE
• KEY VERB PHRASE (KVP) ONE KEY VERB IN A PHRASE
  THAT MANDATES WHAT YOU MUST DO IN STEP 3 TO SOLVE
  YOUR PROBLEM
• PURPOSE (P) THE PURPOSE DESCRIBES THE GOAL
  TOWARD WHICH YOU WILL CARRY OUT THE MANDATE OF
  THE KEY VERB PHRASE
• FUZZY SITUATION PARAMETERS (FSP) CONDITIONS
  THAT PLACE YOUR UNDERLYING PROBLEM WITHIN THE
  PARAMETERS OF THE FUZZY SITUATION -- TIME, PLACE,
  AND TOPIC

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• STEM I W W M W
• KVP ASSIST THE SARINO TASK FORCE IN PROVIDING A
  BETTER TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATION FOR YOUNGER
  STUDENTS
• PUR SO THAT THESE STUDENTS WILL CONTINUE THEIR
  EDUCATION TO RECEIVE A TECHNO-CERTIFICATE
• FSP IN SARINO IN 2020

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STEP III. BRAINSTORM ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS

• A. BRAINSTORM
• B. WRITE YOUR 20 BEST SOLUTIONS IN COMPLETE
  SENTENCES. DESCRIBE
• WHO WILL DO THE SOLUTION
• WHAT WILL BE DONE
• HOW IT WILL WORK
• WHY IT IS BEING DONE

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• SOLUTIONS IN ORDER TO ASSIST THE SARINO TASK
  FORCE IN PROVIDING A BETTER TECHNOLOGICAL
  EDUCATION FOR YOUNGER CHILDREN,
• SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS THE SARINO SCHOOL BOARD
  WILL RESTRUCTURE ALL SCHOOLS INTO SMALLER UNITS.
  TEACHERS AND STUDENTS WILL FORM A COMMUNITY.
  POSITIVE PEER GROUP WORK WILL BE ENCOURAGED.
• BUSINESS THE SARINO BRANCH OF I.B.M. WILL
  SUPPLY PERSONNEL TO ASSIST ELEMENTARY STUDENTS
  INTO COMPUTER INSTRUCTION FOR A 9 WEEK PERIOD.
  THIS WILL RESULT IN BETTER SELF-CONFIDENCE AND
  WILL REDUCE THE DROPOUT RATE.
• DEFENSE THE U.S. ARMY WILL PROVIDE A 2 WEEK
  UNIT ON TECHNOLOGICAL NEEDS AT THE FOURTH GRADE
  LEVEL. STUDENTS WILL REALIZE THE RELATIONSHIP
  BETWEEN WORK IN THE ARMED FORCES AND THE PRIVATE
  SECTOR. THESE UNITS WILL REDUCE THE D.O. RATE.

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STEP IV. SELECT CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING SOLUTIONS

• 1. WHICH SOLUTION WILL BE THE EASIEST TO
  IMPLEMENT?
• 2. WHICH SOLUTION WILL BEST DEVELOP STUDENTS
  INTO WELL-ADJUSTED CITIZENS?
• 3. WHICH SOLUTION WILL HAVE THE FEWEST ADVERSE
  SIDE EFFECTS FOR CHILDREN?
• 4. WHICH SOLUTION WILL CREATE THE GREATEST
  AMOUNT OF SOCIALIZATION FROM PEERS?
• 5. WHICH SOLUTION WILL OFFER THE MOST
  SOCIALIZATION FROM ADULTS?

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STEP IV. SELECT CRITERIA TO EVALUATE SOLUTIONS

• A. BRAINSTORM 5 CRITERIA TO EVALUATE YOUR
  SOLUTIONS
• 1. STOCK CRITERIA COST, PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE,
  IMPLEMENTATION TIME, ETC.
• 2. TARGET CRITERIA KEY VERB PHRASE AND/OR
  PURPOSE

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STEP IV. SELECT CRITERIA TO EVALUATE SOLUTIONS
(CONTD)

• B. WRITE CRITERIA
• 1. SINGLE DIMENSION (E.G., WHICH SOLUTION
  WILL BE THE MOST EFFECTIVE?)
• 2. RANKABLE (E.G., WHICH SOLUTION WILL BE THE
  LEAST COSTLY TO IMPLEMENT?)
• 3. DESIRED DIRECTION (E.G., WHICH SOLUTION
  WILL BE THE MOST ACCEPTABLE TO THE PUBLIC?)

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STEP V. EVALUATING SOLUTIONS

• 10 SOLUTIONS INTO GRID
• RANK EACH CRITERION 1-10
• ADD ROWS ACROSS
• HIGHEST TOTAL IS BEST SOLUTION

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STEP VI. DESCRIBE THE BEST SOLUTION

• A. SELECT YOUR BEST SOLUTION BASED ON THE
  HIGHEST SCORING SOLUTION IN THE GRID
• B. WRITE YOUR BEST SOLUTION AS A PROPOSAL FOR
  SOLVING YOUR UNDERLYING PROBLEM. DESCRIBE
• WHO
• WHAT
• WHEN
• WHERE
• WHY
• HOW, HOW, AND HOW

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CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT

• GOES BEYOND THE CLASSROOM
• PROVIDES OPEN ENVIRONMENT
• ACCEPTS UNUSUAL IDEAS
• REQUIRES ORIGINAL THINKING
• PROVIDES OPPORTUNITY TO FORM HYPOTHESES
• ACCEPTS A VARIETY OF RESPONSES
• PROVIDES OPPORTUNITY FOR DISCOVERY,
  EXPERIMENTING, QUESTIONING, EXPLORING, AND
  RISK-TAKING

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SCENARIO WRITING

• INDIVIDUAL STUDENTS DEVELOP SCENARIOS OF LIFE AS
  THEY SEE IT 20 YEARS INTO THE FUTURE (GRADES 4
  THROUGH 12)

THE YEAR WAS 2019...
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FUTURE PROBLEM SOLVING TOPICS (1990-1991)

• 1 HIGH SCHOOL DROPOUTS
• 2 OZONE DEPLETION
• 3 TRANSPORTATION
• (QUALIFYING PROBLEM)
• STATE CENSORSHIP
• INTERNATIONAL CORRUPTION IN GOVERNMENT

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FUTURE PROBLEM SOLVING TOPICS (1991-1992)

• NOVEMBER 6, 1991 SPACE
• DECEMBER 18, 1991 LEGAL EPIDEMIC
• FEBRUARY 1, 1992 SCENARIO
• MARCH 4, 1992 SPORTS ETHICS
• STATE BOWL (BOWLING GREEN, OH)
• MAY 2, 1992 LAND USE
• INTERNATIONAL BOWL (MADISON, WI)
• JUNE 12-15, 1992 ADVERTISING

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FUTURE PROBLEM SOLVING TOPICS (1993-1994)

• 1 ROBOTICS
• 2 ANTARCTICA
• 3 EXTINCTION OF ANIMALS
• (QUALIFYING PROBLEM)
• STATE BOWL SPACE LAW
• INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE CONTROL OF DISEASE

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FUTURE PROBLEM SOLVING TOPICS (1994-1995)

• 1 CITIES
• 2 HOMELESSNESS
• 3 KIDS AND VIOLENCE
• (QUALIFYING PROBLEM)
• STATE BOWL PREJUDICE
• INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PRIVACY

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FUTURE PROBLEM SOLVING TOPICS (1995-1996)

• 1 WEAPONS CONTROL
• 2 MENTAL HEALTH
• 3 21ST CENTURY MARKETS
• (QUALIFYING PROBLEM)
• STATE BOWL CYBERNETICS
• INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE UNITED NATIONS

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RULES FOR BRAINSTORMING

• 1. CRITICISM...IS RULED OUT.
  CRITICISM
• 2. FREE-WHEELING IS WELCOMED. THE WILDER THE
  IDEAS, THE BETTER. OFFBEAT AND SILLY IDEAS MAY
  TRIGGER PRACTICAL BREAKTHROUGHS THAT MIGHT NOT
  OTHERWISE OCCUR.

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RULES FOR BRAINSTORMING (CONTD)

• 3. COMBINATION AND IMPROVEMENT ARE SOUGHT.
  GROUP MEMBERS ARE ENCOURAGED TO COMBINE AND
  HITCHHIKE IDEAS.
• 4. QUANTITY IS WANTED. THE LARGE THE NUMBER OF
  IDEAS, THE GREATER THE CHANCE OF REACHING THE
  BEST SOLUTIONS.

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MATHEMATICAL FORMULA FOR FPS EVALUATION

• SUBJECTIVE MATERIAL (BOOKLET)
• SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION STANDARDS (FPS CRITERIA)
• SUBJECTIVE EVALUATORS (HUMANS)
• SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION

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CRITICISM SANDWICH
GOOD FLEXIBILITY!

• TRY TO RELATE YOUR PROBLEMS
• BACK TO THE FUZZY

TRY TO RELATE YOUR PROBLEMS BACK TO THE FUZZY
EXCELLENT RESEARCH ON THIS PROBLEM!
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FORMULA FOR FEEDBACK

• SOMETHING YOU DID REALLY WELL
• SOMETHING YOU COULD IMPROVE UPON
• A WAY TO IMPROVE IT
• SOMETHING YOU DID REALLY WELL

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