Dr. Jana Tafi

1
Water statistics and accounts in the Republic of
Moldova

• Dr. Jana Tafi WDC team

Water Data Centre project/ Ministry of Ecology
and Natural Resources of the Republic of
Moldova)
2
National demand for water statistics

• Moldova has signed the International Conventions
  and agreements related to water resources and has
  to fulfill its obligations Convention on
  protection trans boundaries rivers and lakes
  (Helsinki, 1992), Black Sea convention on the
  environment (1994), Sofia convention on the
  Danube River (1994), RAMSAR (1971).

• The Parliament and the Government of Moldova has
  adopted Framework of national policy in the water
  resources domain 2003-2010 (N 325-XV din
  18.07.2003 )

3
Water statistics

• Monitoring surveys for
• quantitative and qualitative indicators of the
  availability, state and use of water resources
• Water as resource for population
• agriculture
• Pressure on water resource
• (in Moldova households pollution has replaced
  industrial)
• Supports sustainable development in country

4
Methodology used for water accounts case study in
Moldova

• Physical accounts for water resource in raw
  quantities using SEEA
• 2 projects
• 1998-2000 initial project by the statistical
  institute (DASS) IFEN (French Environment
  Institute)
• Since October 2001 lead by Ministry of Ecology
  (with IFEN Beture Cerec)

5
The set of environmental and economic accounts
for water
Accounts of
Main Linkages to
Monitoring Surveys
National Accounts
the domain

Assets
Accounts
Resource accounts
Supply Use accounts
I-O Tables,
NAMEA Uses
Emission accounts
I-O Tables,
NAMEA
Emissions
Quality accounts
Production
Income
Expenditure accounts
Accounts

• The accounts presented above are a gateway
  between the domain of economic statistics (the
  National Accounts and their input-output tables
  (I-O Tables) and the domain of environmental and
  resource monitoring and assessment (generally
  presented by means of indicators).

6
Water accounts cover

• From the economic perspective,
• Resource usage per sector
• Polluting discharges per sector (emissions from
  sectors)
• Expenditure for resource protection and
  operation.
• From media point of view
• The resource system (hydrological system)
• Water quality (rivers and aquifers, at least)
• Discharge of pollutants to the media.

7
Main data sources

• Meteo data (Hydrometeo service)
• Hydrological data (Hydrometeo service)
• Groundwater survey data (AgeoM Ministry of
  Health)
• Surface water survey data (Ministry of Health)
• Inventory data lakes, dams, wells, WWTP ( State
  Ecological Inspectorate, Apele Moldovei, AgeoM
  Ministry of Health )
• Surveys consulting companies IFEN (
  Beture-Cerec, TAHAL)
• Annual Survey by Apele Moldovei, the National
  Water Agency (reports from companies, communal
  services and irrigation supply)
• Household Budget Survey Special household
  surveys related environmental needs (NBS -
  Statistical Institute)
• Annual technical economical report by Communal
  services (NBS Water Company)

8
Water resource the sources of data depend on
the natural conditions and on the monitoring
systems

• Meteorology (precipitation, but also basis of
  calculation of potential evapotranspiration)
• Institute of agronomy Water stock of the soils
  and vegetation coverage (for the calculation of
  actual evapotranspiration).
• Hydrology/Hydrogeology institute, flow in the
  water-courses and groundwater table level,
• Various services reserves in dams, cartography,
  etc.

9
Primary Data Sources for Resource Accounts
10
Survey about water consumption run by Apele
Moldovei the National Water Agency

• Annual mandatory questionnaire sent to economic
  agents
• Data give view about abstraction, supply, use,
  discharge of water in m3 emissions of
  pollutants in tones
• From 1983 the survey was exhaustive
• Presently, new approach by Apele Moldovei
• Selective survey
• Water accounts

11
HBS used as a basic survey to study ecological
needsone page added to the main
Questionnaire1 1999 survey

• First ecological survey to define current
  ecological problems
• actual ecological problems of the population of
  the country,
• populations attitude to problems,
• level of environment pollution directly caused by
  households
• Including a number of questions on water issues
• Used type of water resources
• Volume consumed water
• Quality of drinking water
• Influence of water to human health status.
• In December 1999, 520households (families) were
  enrolled with a total number of 1,4 thousand
  persons, 63 of them in rural areas

12
HBS used as a basic survey to study ecological
needsone page added to the main
Questionnaire2 2001 survey

• Second survey concentrated only on water problems
  and other related issues state, pollution,
  consumption, water supply and water management.
• To analyze the current trends, some questions
  from the first survey were included in the second
  survey access to water supply, water
  consumption, quality of drinking water in wells
  and springs, influence of state of water on
  health status
• On April 2001, representative sample of 521
  households, involving 1404 persons, from urban
  and rural areas

13
Climatic characteristics data set
14
Rivers and streams in Moldova data set
15
Flows characteristic of rivers and streams,
Moldova data set
16
Reservoirs and lakes, Moldova data set
17
Groundwater resource, Moldova data set
18
Outcome of water accounts studies in Moldova

• Implementation of Physical accounts on water
  resources
• Asset water accounts for 1994,1998 2000
• Water Supply Use Accounts for 1994,1998, 2000
  2002
• Methodology
• Combined supply use table (SEEA tables 8.3
  8.5)
• Data collection with a set of interlinked sub
  accounts tables intermediate tables
• Gaps lack of data about water
• Detection of unreliable data on abstraction
  consumption agriculture, communal plants,
  manufacture
• Absence of data on households water consumption,
  specially in countryside
• Orientation for improvement
• For statistics
• Creation of an informatics database on water in
  Moldova

19
Water resource account, first, 1994
20
Water resource account, first, 1998
21
An asset account for water, 1994, SEEA, Table 8.7
22
Transfers between water resources, SEEA, Table
8.8, 1994 1998
23
An asset account for water, SEEA Table 8.7, 1998
24
WATER RESOURCE AND USE ACCOUNTS

• Resource Availability Indicators
• e.g. Groundwater replenishment rate, Natural
  inflows, Annual available resource (net)
• Resource Use Indicators
• e.g. Intensity of abstraction by sectors, Total
  consumption of water, Returns of waste water
• Resource Depletion Indicators
• e.g. Evapo-transpiration inducted by irrigation,
  Depletion of groundwater (net accumulation)

25
Policy making indicator

• Water balance is essential for the optimization
  of water management and use
• Renewable water resource
• Non-renewable water resource
• Quality of water resource is determined by
  natural factors and by human activities
• Population connected to wastewater treatment
• Industrial agriculture activities
• Urbanization process impact

26
Implementing water accounts

1. Physical accounts require validation by policy
   makers Water Agency, Ministry of Economy,
   Ministry of Environment
2. Possibility of making detailed physical water
   accounts has to be checked (lack of data on
   consumption by farmers, small business, rural
   households)
3. Difficulties for statistical institute to
   maintain such type of accounts because physical
   water accounts are asking for combination skills
   of statisticians ecologist, hydrologist,
   chemistries
4. Implementation of water accounts demanding
   multi-institutional involvement

27
Water resources quality indices

• the average annual concentration of pollutant in
  the locality, on the spot, in the river basin,
  mg/l
• media-variant, which corresponds to the
  probability rate of 50, in
• recurrence of pollutant content in the water
  higher than SCL (Standard Concentration Limit),
  10SCL, 30SCL, 50SCL, 100SCL,
• enabling to characterize the state of water for
  the purposes of compliance with the current norms
  and standards.

28
Pollution of water resources, Moldova, 1980-2002
Year Events of high pollution, units Ammoniacal nitrogen Nitrite nitrogen
1980 79 15 12
1985 185 54 127
1990 145 49 70
1994 54 22 32
1998 35 14 21
1999 20 8 12
2000 24 10 9
2001 20 14 6
2002 20 14 6

• Source  Hydrometeo  Service

29
Sanitary Hygienic monitoring surface water
resources, Moldova
Year Number of samples, units Out of which with deviation from standards In
1997 880 512 58
2002 877 379 43

• Source Ministry of Health

30
Step to water resources quality account quality
data (from Ecology and Health) merged and
processed with Nopolu using the French SEQ-eau
methodology
31
Expenditure for protection and efficient use of
water resources

• Current expenditures
• Capital investment
• Cost of water protection fixed assets
• Taxes for water pollution
• Fees for accidental pollution
• Tariff for water supply

32
Expenditure for prevention protection
environment

• mandatory report
• Annual
• Economic agent to maintain environmental
  equipment
• National Bureau of Statistics

33
Capital investment data in preventing
protection environment

• Mandatory report
• Annual
• Companies
• Implement environmental projects measures

34
Capital investment for prevention protection
water resources, Moldova
Year Total, in current prices, th lei In to total environmental investments
1985 16,5 61
1990 14,3 47
1995 6715,3 58
1996 1826,7 29
1997 12450,7 75
1998 1467,1 34
2000 1314,6 22
2001 3257,2 27
2002 4248,3 29

• Source National Birou of Statistics

35
Cost of fixed assets for prevention protection
water resources, Moldova
Year average annual balance value, in current prices, mil lei In to total of environmetal fixed assets
1985 0,3 99
1990 0,4 99
1995 133,3 86
1996 487,8 96
1997 869,5 85
1998 910,8 82
2000 889,4 91
2001 861,1 89
2002 880,8 88

• Source National Birou of Statistics

36
Water accounts in the Moldavian news letters and
magazines
37
Institutional cooperation for water accounting
The WATER DATA CENTRE in Moldova