The Power of Reliability

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The Power of Reliability
Designing and Protecting Power Distribution
Systems
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Design Objective

• What are the Main objectives in designing Power
  Distribution Systems

Reliability and Cost Effectiveness
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Design Objective

• Top 2 Most Common Reliability Criteria
• Power Continuity
• Minimizing Downtime and Outages
• Safety
• Personnel
• Equipment

ROI
Reliability
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Remember
85 of all Electrical issues begin
As
Phase to Ground Faults
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Arc Flash
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What is Arc Flash?
NFPA 70E says an arc flash hazard is A dangerous
condition associated with the release of energy
caused by an electric arc
A hazard beyond shock and electrocution.
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Arc Flash Hazard

• Electrical Arcing is caused by
• Human Error
• Loose Connections
• Insulation Failure
• Poorly Maintained Equipment
• Voltage Spikes
• Delayed Short Circuit Interruption
• Animals

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Reliability Design Objective

• Power Continuity and Safety

Solutions to Mitigate the Impact of an
Arc Flash Hazard
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Arc Flash Protection and Mitigation by Design
Objective
Reduce the Amount of Incident Energy
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Incident Energy
The amount of energy impressed on a surface, a
certain distance from the source, generated
during an arc event. Incident energy is
measured in calories/cm2 or Joules/cm2.
(Ref NFPA 70E 2003 ROC, IEEE 1584)
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Arc Flash Protection and Mitigation for
Phase to Ground Arc Flash Hazards
Phase to Phase Arc Flash Hazards
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Arc Flash Protection and Mitigation by Design

• High Resistance Grounding
• Phase to ground faults are most likely and HRG
  Systems limits the fault current so that no arc
  flash hazard exists
• NFPA70E - HRG is a technique available to reduce
  the Arc Flash Hazard of the System
• Arc Flash Mitigation
• For phase to phase faults where arcing is
  initiated fast detection and tripping will reduce
  the arc energy and thus reduce the hazard risk
  category

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Reduce the Time of
Detection and Isolation
One of the Keys to Mitigation
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I-GARD Arc Flash
Mitigation/Detection
Relay
FALCON
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Falcon AFMD Relay

• I-GARD Falcon Arc Flash Relay Detects, Initiates
  and Isolates providing Mitigation in 1
  millisecond
• Reduction of Arc Flash energy by fast detection
  and tripping of Main Breaker
• Minimizing total clearing time
• Reliability
• Ensures fastest possible reaction time with out
  nuisance tripping
• Use shunt trip of circuit breaker to isolate
• Combines Optical light sensing and over-current
  protection to achieve this

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Falcon Master Main Unit
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Falcon AFMD Relay

• Main Master Unit
• Either 20 light only sensor inputs or 16 light
  sensor inputs plus combination of Slave Units
• 20 Light Sensor Inputs 1 16 plus L1 L4 or
• 16 Light Sensor Inputs 1 16
• Light Sensitivity Threshold Dial is located on
  front of the Master Unit
• L1 L4 Interconnect Slave Units
• Total of 4 Communication Channels to interconnect
  either Arc Light or Current CR Slave Units
• D1 D4
• RJ45 Communication cable used to interconnect
  either Arc or Current CR Slave Units to Main
  Master
• Transmits alarms, self diagnostics, communication
  and provides power

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Falcon AFMD Relay

• Main Master Unit
• Photoelectric cable used to transmit light and or
  over current detection from Slave Units to Main
  Master Unit lt 100m
• L1 L4
• Input Voltage
• 85 264V AC
• 80 350VDC
• Output Voltage 12VDC
• 4- Isolated Solid State outputs, 1msec, trip
  sequence
• 6- isolated relay out put contacts, 8 10msec
• Continuous Self test diagnostics
• Alarm Messages displayed on the Front of Main
  Unit

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Falcon AFMD Relay

• Configurable tripping sequence including delay
  functions for selectivity and back up protection
  Flexibility
• Arc Light Slave Unit
• Total of 6 Modules per Communication Channel can
  be interconnected via RJ45 and photoelectric
  Cable lt100m
• 10 Light Sensor Inputs per Slave Unit 0 9
• Optical fibre cable connects light sensor
  directly to Arc Slave Unit
• Light Sensitivity Threshold Dial located on front
  of the Arc Slave Unit

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Falcon AFMD Components

• Light sensor installed directly in the line-up
• Expandable to 256 optical sensor inputs
• Over Current Slave CR Unit
• 1A, 2A or 5A, sec CT
• Sensitivity Threshold Dial located on front of
  the CR Slave Unit
• RJ45 and photoelectric cable used to interconnect
  Current CR Slave Unit to Main Master lt100m
• Each Arc or CR Slave Unit will have a designated
  address that enables the Main Master Unit to
  identify actual location within the system

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Falcon AFMD Components

• Application suitable for LV Switchboards, LV
  switchgear, Metal-clad and Metal enclosed
  Switchgear

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Falcon Arc - AFMD Unit

• 10 light receivers/unit
• Threshold level of light receiver can set by
  potentiometer 30 50k lx
• Tripping can be tested from TEST-button
• Indication LED flashes green when functioning
  is normal
• LED is turned red when light is detected
• Flashing red indicates no longer light detection
  

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Falcon Current AFMD Unit

• Can be used for single or 3 phase applications
• Current measurement can be from 1A, 2A or 5A
  current transformers
• Threshold Current level can set from 50 500 of
  nominal current
• Tripping can be tested from TEST-button
• Indication led flashes green when functioning
  is normal
• led is turned red when over current is detected
• flashing red indicates no longer over current

Burden lt .223VA
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Master Unit L1 L2 L3 L4 D1 D2 D3 D4
CR Slave Unit
Arc Slave Unit
CR Slave Unit
Arc Slave Unit
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Light Sensor
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Light Sensor
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Falcon Main Unit
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Slave Arc Light Sensor Module
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Current CR Module
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FALCON AFMD Relay

• Reduce the time Reduces the damage
• Reduces Hazard
  cal/cm2
• Reduces Hazard
  Risk

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Summary

• NFPA70E addresses worker safety and work
  practices
• OSHA is citing NFPA70E
• NFPA70E will be referenced in work injury
  litigation
• Requirements for compliance
• Perform Arc Flash Hazard Analysis
• Label electrical equipment designating the
  required PPE
• Train workers and update work practice procedures
• Deploy products, solutions, and methods to limit
  arc flash hazards whenever possible HRG
• Reduce PPE requirements by ARC Flash Protection
• Falcon Arc Flash Detection/Mitigation Relay

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Thank You