Joint Air Operations

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Joint Air Operations Fundamentals
Joint air operations are defined as those
operations performed with air capabilities made
available by components in support of the joint
force commanders (JFCs) operation or campaign
objectives, or in support of other components of
the joint force.
Concept of Operation
Flexible Responsive Organization of Forces
Centralized Planning Decentralized Execution
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Unity of Effort
Organizational Options for Control of Joint Air
Operations
Air Effort Available for Joint Air Operations
When a JFACC is not designated, the JFC and
staff may plan, direct, and control joint air
operations
Normally, the JFC designates a joint force air
component commander (JFACC) to exploit the
capabilities of joint air operations
Air capabilities and/or forces made available
for JFACC or JFC staff planning and tasking are
determined by the JFC
Only the JFC has the authority to reassign,
redirect, or reallocate a components direct
support air capabilities and/or forces
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OPERATIONS 1
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Joint Air Operations Joint Force Air Component
Commander Responsibilities
The joint force commander will normally assign
JFACC responsibilities to the component
commander having the preponderance of air assets
and the capability to plan, task, and control
joint air operations.
JFC
Military capabilities and/or forces made
available for tasking
Assigned and Attached Forces
JFACC
Planning
Coordination
Allocation
Tasking
JFC JFACC OPCON TACON
Joint Force Commander Joint Force Air Component
Commander Operational Control Tactical Control
JFACC Responsibilities
When assigned by the JFC
JP 3-56.1, COMMAND AND CONTROL FOR JOINT AIR
OPERATIONS
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Joint Air Operations JFACC / ACA / AADC
Interrelationships Responsibilities
The responsibilities of the JFACC, Airspace
Control Authority (ACA) and Area Air Defense
Commander (AADC) are interrelated and should
normally be assigned to one individual.
Joint Force Air Component Commander
Area Air Defense Commander
Airspace Control Authority
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THE COMBAT ZONE JP 3-56.1, COMMAND AND CONTROL
FOR JOINT AIR OPERATIONS 3
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Joint Air Operations JFACC Organization Joint
Air Operations Center (JAOC)
The JFACCs operations center will often be
designated a joint air operations center (JAOC).
The JAOC is structured to operate as a fully
integrated facility and staffed to fulfill all of
the JFACCs responsibilities. JFACC
organizations may differ based on the specific
AOR/JOA requirements and operations.
JFACC/Deputy JFACC
Service/Functional Component Commander
Command Section
Senior Component Liaisons
Communi- cations
Staff Judge Advocate
Intelligence
Operations
Personnel
Logistics
Combat Operations
Combat Plans
Air Strategy
Operations Support
Current Operations
Air Tasking Order Production and Development
Weather Support
Joint Search and Rescue Center
Airspace/Command and Control
Component Liaisons
If assigned by the JFC
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OPERATIONS 4
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Joint Air Operations Concept of Joint Air
Operations Development
Planning for joint air operations begins with
understanding the mission. The JFCs strategic
appreciation of the various forces affecting the
AOR/JOA and articulation of the strategic and
operational objectives needed to accomplish the
mission form the basis for determining
components objectives.
JFCs Strategic Appreciation
JFACC/JFC STAFF Estimate of the Situation
Recommended Course of Action
JFC Approval
Joint Air Operations Plan
JFACCs Daily Guidance
Supporting Plans
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OPERATIONS 5
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Joint Air Operations Joint Air Operations
Planning Process Five Phases
Normally, there are five phases in the joint air
operations planning process, and each phase
produces a desired product. While presented in
sequential order, the phases are not all required
to be completed in this order.
2. Objective Determination
1. Operational Environment Research
Joint Air Operations Planning
3. Strategy Identification
5. Joint Air Operations Plan Development
4. Center(s) of Gravity Identification
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OPERATIONS 6
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Joint Air Operations Targeting Cycle Phases and
Responsibilities
Targeting is the process of selecting targets and
matching the appropriate response to them, taking
into account strategic and operational
requirements and capabilities and the threat to
friendly forces imposed by the adversary.
1 Commanders Objectives Guidance
2 TargetDevelopment
6 Combat Assessment
5 ExecutionPlanning/ForceExecution
3 WeaponeeringAssessment
4 Force Application
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OPERATIONS 7
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Joint Air Operations Joint Air Tasking Cycle
Joint ATO Phases
A joint air tasking cycle is used to provide for
the efficient and effective employment of the
joint air capabilities made available. The cycle
provides a repetitive process for the planning,
coordination, allocation, and tasking of joint
air missions within the guidance of the JFC.
JFC Component Coordination
Target Development
Combat Assessment
Recommendations
JFC Guidance
Results
JIPTL
Force Execution
Weaponeering /Allocation
Joint ATO/SPINS
MAAP
Joint ATO Development
ATO JFC JIPTL MAAP SPINS
Air Tasking Order Joint Force Commander Joint
Integrated Prioritized Target List Master Air
Attack Plan Special Instructions
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Joint Air Operations Airspace Control
The primary goal of airspace control is to
enhance the effectiveness of air, land, sea, and
special operations forces in accomplishing the
JFCs objectives. Other key goals should be
deconflicting and identifying all airspace users
and eliminating fratricide.
JFC Determines airspace boundaries
Priorities
Restrictions
Deconflict and Identify All Airspace Users
Eliminate Fratricide
Enhance Combat Operations
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Joint Air Operations Airspace Control Plan -
Principles and Methods
The airspace control plan (ACP) is approved by
the JFC to establish procedures for the airspace
control system in the joint force AOR/JOA.
Area Air Defense Plan
Other Joint Operation Plans
Combat Zone Airspace Control
Area Air DefenseOperations
Civil Air Activities
Representatives of Host Nation(s)
Multinational Offensive Defense Weapons Systems
US Offensive and Defensive Weapons Systems
Procedures and Interfaces to Support
JFC Objectives
Air Logistics
Augmentation
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Joint Air Operations Fundamentals of Joint
Airspace Control in the Combat Zone
Combat zone airspace control increases combat
effectiveness by promoting the safe, efficient,
and flexible use of airspace with a minimum of
restraint placed upon the friendly airspace
users.
RegulatingAirspace
Coordinating Airspace
Integrating Airspace
Airspace Control
Friendly Surface Weapon Systems
Friendly Subsurface Weapon Systems
Maximize Effectiveness of Combat Operations
Friendly Air-Launched Weapon Systems
Special Forces
Air
Enhance Effectiveness of Forces to
Accomplish JFCs Objectives
Land
Maritime
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Joint Air Operations Principles of Joint
Airspace Control in the Combat Zone
Reliable, Jam-Resistant, and Secure C-4 Network
Uncomplicated, Readily Available Procedural
Control
Enhance the Effectiveness of Air Operations
Enhance the Effectiveness of Air Operations
Responsive Airspace Control Structure
PRINCIPLES OF AIRSPACECONTROL INTHE COMBATZONE
Promote Timely, Accurate Information Flow
Augmented Service Component Air
Traffic Controller Training
Emphasize Flexibility and Simplicity
Reduce the Risk of Fratricide
Support Day or Night and All-Weather Operations
Operations Based on the Principle of Unity of
Effort
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Joint Air Operations Joint Counterair Operations
Joint counterair encompasses those mutually
supportive operations used by the JFC in a
concerted effort to gain air superiority and
provide force protection.
Joint Force Offensive and Defensive Counterair
Actions
Enable and Enhance Joint Operations in All
Dimensions
Inherently Joint Mission
Protection of Vital Interests
Control of the Air
Continuous
Intensive
Electronic Warfare
Aircraft
Cruise Missiles
Surface-to- Surface
Surface-to- Air
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Joint Air Operations Joint Offensive Counterair
Joint offensive counterair (OCA) including
theater missile (TM) attack operations, consists
of those offensive operations aimed at
destroying, disrupting, or limiting enemy air and
missile power.
Joint OCA Operations
Joint OCA Operations
Neutralize
Disrupt
Destroy
Destroy enemy aircraft and missiles on or near
the surface
Destroy enemy supporting systems on or near the
surface
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Joint Air Operations Joint Defensive Counterair
Defensive counterair (DCA) is synonymous with air
defense and consists of active and passive
operations conducted to protect friendly forces
and vital interests.
Area Air Defense Commander
DCA
Active
Passive
Friendly Forces andVital Interests
Consists of measures taken to minimize the
effectiveness of hostile air and missile threats
against friendly forces and vital assets
Direct defensive action to nullify or reduce
effectiveness of hostile air and missile threats
against friendly forces and assets
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