Source: BT

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Multiple Views and Multiple Formatsin Knowledge
Management

• Bidjan Tschaitschian
• German Research Center for Artificial
  Intelligence
• Kaiserslautern, Germany

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Organizations have serious problems in managing
their corporate knowledge.
COMMON PROBLEMS WITH ORGANIZATIONAL KNOWLEDGE
Distribution
Accessibility
Multiple Views
Resources
KnowledgeProblems
Documentation
Multiple Formats
Awareness
Availability
Knowledge has been recognized as the key to
competitive advantage!
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Corporate memories are needed to support the
complex knowledge management task.
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT (KM) AND CORPORATE MEMORIES
(CM)

• KM
• Promote growth, communication, and preservation
  of knowledge in the organization (Steels, 1993)
• Deliver the right knowledge at the right time in
  the right way (Fischer et al., 1997)
• Multiple viewpoints socio-organizational,
  financial and economical, technical, human, legal
  (Barthès, 1996)
• CM
• Tool to support KM

The approach focuses on the multiple views and
the multiple formats problems.
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A uniform knowledge representation is employed
for all knowledge.
UNIFORM KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION

• Format independent
• Standard attributes
• author
• date of creation and modification
• description
• explanation
• comment
• ...

In this way a common description level is
achieved for all kinds of texts, graphics,
sounds, movies, ...
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Example CeBIT98 CINEMA demo application.
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Several categorization schemes are required to
deal with multiple views.
CATEGORIZATION SCHEMES

• Provide a separate categorization scheme for each
  (abstract) criterion
• Arbitrary types of schemes
• Graphical representation serves as GUI
• Rules of thumb
• 3-7 schemes with
• 5-10 nodes
• Meta-scheme if necessary

Such categorization schemes are the basis for
knowledge collection and retrieval .
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Multiple Views
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How to employ uniform knowledge representation
and categorization schemes?
STATE OF THE TALK

• Serious organizational problems
• Knowledge is key
• Knowledge management is complex
• Corporate memory is IT-support for knowledge
  management
• Uniform knowledge representation for multiple
  formats problem
• Several categorization schemes for multiple views
  problem

How to put knowledge into and retrieve knowledge
from a corporate memory?
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New knowledge items can be easily stored into the
corporate memory.
KNOWLEDGE COLLECTION

• Basic Steps
• Provide the standard attributes
• Provide classifications to the various
  categorization schemes
• Connect closely related information items
  (part-of, follow-up, related)
• IT-support
• Hypermedia intuitive and ergonomic GUI
• Text-analysis Automatic (text-) classification
  of knowledge items
• Drag drop your document onto a program icon

Knowledge items are stored into the corporate
memory independent of their formats.
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Knowledge can be easily retrieved from the
corporate memory.
KNOWLEDGE RETRIEVAL

• Basic steps
• Provide the standard attributes
• Provide categories of interest within the
  categorization schemes
• Examine retrieved knowledge items
• IT-support
• Hypermedia intuitive and ergonomic GUI (user
  adequate)
• Display search results with hyperlinks (direct
  access)
• Refine query iteratively to obtain a manageable
  set of knowledge items

Provide your current context of interest to find
the relevant knowledge.
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The approach is an integration of methods,
techniques and tools.
TECHNICAL DETAILS

• Object-oriented design
• Uniform knowledge representation
• Rule-based text analysis
• Hypermedia
• Groupware

First results have been obtained from several
case studies.
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The tool is applied at Deutsche Telekom AG and
DFKI GmbH for evaluation purposes.
APPLICATIONS

• Requirements engineering at Deutsche Telekom AG
  (small to mid-sized projects)
• Knowledge on software ergonomics
• Technical specifications
• Prototype wish and error list
• PhD project
• CINEMA demo
• REUSE in Software Engineering
• META KM project
• Documentation of DFKI studies (e.g. SYS-2000)

It seems to work - how do I write this in my PhD?
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The integration of the presented technologies
into a CM is new.
CONTRIBUTION

• Integration of suitable OO-, text analysis-, and
  hypermedia technologies
• Dealing with multiple formats and multiple views
  at the same time
• Storage of knowledge items that may stem from
  documents of arbitrary formats
• Retrieval of knowledge items utilizing the same
  set of (rather simple) techniques
• Interactive approach technology in close
  cooperation with the human user

There are a lot of opportunities for future work
(besides the PhD).
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There are a lot of opportunities not to do
PhD-specific work.
FUTURE WORK

• Applications
• Generating a WWW-query from a local CM search
  result
• Elaboration of Groupware functionality
• Web-based client-server version
• Configuration of standard attributes
• Creative inferences in knowledge hypernets
• Product development

HELP!!!
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Organizations have serious problems in managing
their corporate knowledge
COMMON PROBLEMS WITH ORGANIZATIONAL KNOWLEDGE

• Knowledge distributed - people, documents, paper
  archive
• Knowledge not available/accessible
• Knowledge not known
• Missing resources
• Missing documentation
• Multiple formats
• Multiple views (persons, processes, tasks, etc.)

organizational
department
personal
process
product
graphics
texts
photos
Knowledge has been recognized as the key to
competitive advantage!
audios
videos
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Building CMs is a complex problem
BASIC CORPORATE MEMORY FUNCTIONALITIES

• Store and retrieve information and knowledge of
  heterogeneous, multi-media formats, in a way that
  a variety of different users with different
  background and tasks can easily contribute and
  search for the relevant information in their
  actual working context
• Focus on
• structuring documents and data of multiple
  formats
• querying knowledge and information from multiple
  views

Überleitung zu Approach
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Several structuring models are required to deal
with multiple views
CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES

• arbitrary types of models
• graphical representation serves as graphical user
  interface
• rules of thumb
• 3-7 models with
• 5-10 nodes
• meta model if necessary

Such models are the basis for knowledge
collection and retrieval
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How to put knowledge into the corporate memory
MEIN ANSATZ WIE BEKOMME ICH WISSEN REIN

• intuitive and ergonomic graphical user interface
• automatic classification of information and
  knowledge with respect to multiple views
• drag drop your document onto a program icon
• provide basic information
• connect information items (part-of, follow-up,
  related)

Knowledge retrieval is done very similar
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How to share information of multiple formats
MEIN ANSATZ WIE GEHE ICH MIT BELIEBIGEN FORMATEN
UM

• uniform knowledge representation for each
  document
• simply do not deal with the formats themselves

Untertitel, Übeleitung
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What are the undelying technologies
INHALT

• Object-oriented approach
• uniform knowledge representation gt same
  techniques for storing and retrieving knowledge
  items in the CM
• rule-based text analysis techniques to
  automatically classify knowlege items
• hypermedia techniques

Untertitel, Übeleitung
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