THE GATHERING STORM 19311939

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THE GATHERING STORM1931-1939
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Testing the Rare Air

• German Luftwaffe and the Spanish Civil War
  1936-1939
• Herman Goering
• Like nothing the world had seen
• Francisco Franco
• 40,000 Italian-20,000 German soldiers
• German Luftwaffe devastates Spanish opposition

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US Involvement in China

• Claire Chennault
• The Flying Tigers
• Persuaded President Roosevelt to send American
  Aircrafts (p-40s) and volunteer pilots to assist
  China

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ATTEMPTS TO STAVE OFF THE INEVITABLE

• THE LARCANO CONFERENCE-1925
• A NEW ERA OF TRUST
• THIRD GENEVA CONVENTION-1929
• TREATMENT AND CARE OF POWS CIVILIANS
• NOT SIGNED BY JAPAN OR THE SOVIET UNION

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• GENERAL DISARMAMENT CONFERENCE 1932-1934
• NAZIS WITHDREW TO COMBAT THEIR BUILD UP THE
  NATIONS OF EUROPE FOLLOWED SUITE
• THE MUNICH CONFERENCE
• APPEASEMENT
• CHAMBERLAIN
• PEACE IN OUR TIME
• BIG MISTAKE

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World Leaders
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What lead to war?

• WW 1
• Ethnic nationalism
• War Reparations
• Depression
• Economic Autarchy

• China Syndrome
• Weak League of Nations
• Hitler
• Arms Race
• Nazi-Soviet Pact

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Hitlers Plans for world Conquest

• His primary goal was the forcible acquisition of
  Lebensraum (living space) for the German people.

• Secondly, he desired some kind of final reckoning
  with the Jews.

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• 1st attempt at Lebensraum occurred 1935 -Hitler
  openly violated the Treaty of Versailles by
  reintroducing military conscription rapidly
  rebuilding the German Army.
• Defensive in nature?
• Secret Reich Defense Law placing Germany on a war
  economy (Banned By Versailles)

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November 5, 1937

• ATTACK THE WEAK OF EUROPE AND PREPARE FOR WAR
• NO EARLIER THAN 1943??

• MEETING WITH HIS MILITARY TO PLAN INVASIONS (LIES
  TO POLAND)
• The Hossbach Conference or Hossbach Memorandum

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• "The history of all ages - the Roman Empire and
  the British Empire - had proved that expansion
  could only be carried out by breaking down
  resistance and taking risks...there had never
  been spaces without a master...the attacker
  always comes up against a possessor."

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WEHRMACHT
THIS WAS THE NAME GIVEN TO HILTERS ARMY The
Wehrmacht numbered 2,700,000 men by 1943 it
totaled 13,555,000 men.
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GERMAN PANZER DIVISIONS
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LUFTWAFFE

• GERMAN AIRFORCE
• HEADED BY HERMAN GOERING
• Germany had no military air force between 1918
  and 1935
• Between 1939 and 1945 over 3.4 million served in
  the Luftwaffe.

• Major failure?? No Heavy long range bombers

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Blitzkrieg

• Lightening War"
• Speed surprise light tank units planes and
  infantry

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AXIS POWERS

• GERMANY
• ITALY
• JAPAN

• Anti-Comintern Pact
• November 1936- Germany and Japan
• Italy 1937
• STOP COMMUNISM

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Treaties between Germany, Italy, and Japan in the
period from 1936 to 1940 brought into being the
Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis

• JAPAN

ITALY
Romania
GERMANY
Hungary
Bulgaria
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China
Norway
Yugoslavia
South Africa
Poland
New Zealand
Australia
Soviet Union France Great Britain
Canada
Denmark
Brazil
Greece
Belgium
Netherlands
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Dark Green Allies before Pearl Light Green
Allied countries after Pearl. Orange Axis
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NEUTRAL NATIONSUS UNTIL 1941
Argentina
Ireland
Spain
Sweden
Vatican City
Turkey
Portugal
Switzerland
ONLY THESE 8 REMAINED THROUGHOUT THE WAR
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• FRANCE ENGLAND (UK) linked by the ENTENTE
  CORDIALE -1904
• 1938-CZECHOSLOVAKIA WITH USSR FRANCE
• THE SOVIET-NAZI NON-AGREESSION PACT AUGUST 1939
• BREAKS DEAL OF JAPAN AND GERMANY
• ALLOWS HITLER TO MOVE FORWARD

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A EUROPE OF MANY NATIONS SOON TO BECOME AN EMPIRE
OF TWO
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PRE-WAR INVASIONS

• Rhineland -

• In violation of the Treaty of Versailles and the
  spirit of the Locarno Pact, Nazi Germany
  reoccupied March 7, 1936

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Neutrality Acts of 1937

• The Neutrality Act of 1937 stated that United
  States citizens could not sell arms to
  belligerents in Civil Wars, including the
  government side. It resulted from the Spanish
  Civil War.
• Later in 1937, a second Neutrality Act forbade
  travel by U.S. citizens on ships of belligerents.
  This was aimed at the Sino-Japanese War
  (1937-1945

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AUSTRIA

• By 14 March 1938 Hitler Enters Vienna in Triumph
• Anschluss was the 1938 inclusion of Austria into
  Greater Germany" by the Nazi Regime
• France and England do nothing

• March 1938
• Hitler felt free to act against Austria

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GIVE EM INCH HELL TAKE EUROPE

• NO RESPONSE FROM THE ALLIES OPENS THE DOOR TO
  CZECHOSLOVAKIA
• HITLER DEMANDS THE AREA OF THE SUDETENLAND
• E. DALADIER AND N. CHAMBERLIAN AGREE TO AQUIESCE

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MUNICH CONFERENCESEPTEMBER 29-30,1938

• APPEASEMENT FRANCE AND GREAT BRITAIN ALLOW
  HITELR TO HAVE HIS TERRITORY FOR A PROMISE NO
  FUTHER ADVANCES
• PEACE IN OUR TIME
• THE END OF APPEASEMENT
• NOTHING BUT A PIECE OF PAPER

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NO MORE PRETENSES

• AFTER CZECH ANY FURTHER ADVANCES WILL MEAN WAR
• WHY FEAR WHAT HAS YET TO BE DONE?????????????
• ALLIES PROMISE TO DEFEND WEAKER EUROPEAN NATIONS,
  ESP. POLAND

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• The Spanish Civil War ended, Madrid
  surrenders-General Franco in Madrid. 28 March
  1939
• Italian troops invade Albania,7 April 1939.

• May to September 1939 Japan and the Soviet Union
  fought a fierce, large-scale undeclared war
• Soviets win-Ends 2 front Soviet War possibility
  and leads Japan to war with US Britain

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MOLOTOV-RIBBENTROPPACT

• SOVIET-NAZI NON-AGRESSION PACT
• AUGUST 22, 1939
• DIVISION OF EASTERN EUROPE
• PROMISE NOT TO INTERFERE

• USSR-POLAND TO VISTULA AND BALTIC STATES
• GERMANY-WESTERN POLAND
• HITLER BELIEVED FRENCH WOULD DO NOTHING ENGLAND
  VERY LITTLE

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You have only to look at the map to see that
nothing we could do could possibly save
Czechoslovakia from being overrun by the Germans.
  Chamberlain, writing to his sister in 1938.
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• The stage is set and the dye is cast, Hitlers
  next invasion will set the world at war
• NEXT STOP POLAND AND GLOBAL WAR

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JAPANESE AGGRESSION

• Invasion of Manchuria 1931
• July 7, 1937 JAPAN INVADES MAINLAND CHINA

• Bushido
• Samurai
• Shinto religion
• No Mercy for men with no honor

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• By 1939 and early 1940 Japan was deep into war
  efforts in China and soon Hideki Tojo the
  Japanese Prime Minister would order the attack on
  Pearl Harbor

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• WORLD WAR II IS ABOUT TO CHANGE EVERYTHING AND
  EVERYBODY
• FOREVER