Digital Ink Usage in Lecture Presentation

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Digital Ink Usage in Lecture Presentation

• Crystal Hoyer
• Education Technology Research Group
• University of Washington

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Technological affordances High-quality ink,
wireless comm., portability
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Purpose of Ink Study

• Understand how instructors use digital ink
• Inform future development of applications that
  involve digital ink
• Maximize the benefits digital ink provides

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Data Collection

• Analyzed 3 distance courses
• Audio/video and ink archives of lecture used in
  analysis
• Lecture style
• Traditional presentation
• Information dense, prepared content PPT slides
• Experienced instructors

Hello world! is 14 strokes
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Methodology

• Took notes while observing archives
• Created a tool to count total Presenter
  operations (erase, strokes, color changes, etc)
• Classified all strokes (from several lectures)
  into specific categories
• Interviews and surveys with instructors

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Professional Masters Program Class
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Web Viewer
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Ink Usage

• Archival vs. Ephemeral
• Archival
• Ink maintains its meaning without context
• Ephemeral
• The meaning of ink was dependent on the spoken
  context
• Different types of ephemeral usage
• Attentional
• Diagrammatic
• Process simulation
• Code tracing

a2 b2 c2
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Archival Use
SmallTalk, Self, Cecil, Java, C
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Code Tracing with Isolated Words
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Attentional Markings
First of five gesture types
direct representations
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Whiteboard example
abstract representations
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Attentional Markings
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Diagrammatic Ink
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Overlapping Attentional Markings
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Defining Attentional Marks

• Ink to provide a link between spoken utterance
  and slide content
• Correlation with hand gestures.
• Iconic
• Metaphoric
• Deictic
• Cohesive
• Beat

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Prevalence of Attentional Marks

• Classified segmented strokes from six hours of
  lecture into four categories

of strokes of strokes of strokes
B C BC
Attentional 49 53 51
Diagram 9 7 8
Writing 41 38 40
Other 1 2 1
Will also briefly come back to this.
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Ink Rendering

• Information is lost in the solid rendering of
  ink, specifically ephemeral ink.
• Render ink to show additional information.
• Directional cues
• Define boundaries
• Fading or drying

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New Rendering Possibilities
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New Rendering Possibilities
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Conclusions

• Context is important in understanding the meaning
  of ink. Audio and video capture.
• In order to have effective recognizers, we need
  to understand how ink is used.
• Need to create new rendering mechanisms to
  capture currently lost information to help in
  understanding the purpose.

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For more information

• anderson_at_cs.washington.edu
• clhoyer_at_cs.washington.edu
• wolf_at_cs.washington.edu
• www.cs.washington.edu/education/dl/presenter
• www.cs.washington.edu/research/edtech/