The Effect of Regional Occupational

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The Effect of Regional Occupational Structure on
Mortality in a Transition Economy Individual
versus Spill-Over Effects
Iliana Kohler
Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research,
Rostock, Germany
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Individual versus contextual effects of
occupation and regional occupational structure?
Individual effects
Contextual effects
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Regional mortality differentials in Bulgaria
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Regional mortality differentials in Bulgaria

• Male and female life expectancy do not
  necessarily follow the same regional pattern

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Data
This analysis 30--80 yrs. old population 4.8
Mio Men Women 2.3 Mio
44,528 deaths 2.5 Mio 27,742 deaths
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Model
Piecewise-constant proportional survival model
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Regional indices summary statistics
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Results - Males
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Results - Females
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Results
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Results
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Conclusions

• The individual effect of occupation on the risk
  of death is observed for both men and women
• This individual effect of occupation persist also
  at older ages
• Men employed in the heavy industry and women
  employed in the light industry have a higher risk
  of death
• The individual effect of occupation cannot be
  fully explained by education and socioeconomic
  status
• Surprising spill-over effect in regions with
  heavy industry -- men and women have a lower risk
  of death
• This contextual effects may reflect additional
  differences in socioeconomic development and
  infrastructure (e.g., specialized health care
  system, health care knowledge, etc.)

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Results - Males
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