Nucleic acid hybridization

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Nucleic acid hybridization
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Southern hybridization

• invented by EM Southern, 1975, is a means of
  permanently immobilizing single-stranded nucleic
  acids to a solid support. The DNA is usually
  separated by fragment size class by agarose gel
  electrophoresis. After Southern blotting the DNA
  is usually detected by "probing" with a
  complementary DNA probe.
• Question is are there sequences complementary
  to the probe in my sample

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How to make the probe
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Non radioactive probes
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Northern blots

• Extension of the southern technique
• In this case RNA is used as the target
• The probe remains as DNA

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• RNA is extracted from target cells or tissues
• Run on denaturing gel
• Transferred to nylon membrane
• Probed as in the southern examples
• Can determine the what genes are expressed in
  cell types

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Northern RNA blot