CP Lesson

1
CP Lesson 5 The Limits of Stopping and Frisking

• Introduction to the Stop Frisk
• Case Terry v. Ohio (1968)
• Analyzing Stop Frisk under Terry
• Limits of Stopping
• Justifications for Stop
• Scope of Stop Frisk
• Other Types of Investigatory Detentions

2
Stop and Frisk Introduction

• Case Terry v. Ohio (1968)
• Analyzing Terry Stop Frisk
• Definitions
• Probable Cause vs. Reasonable Suspicion
• S F Two Stage Inquiry

3
Limits on Stopping

• Making the SF law do you have to give
  identification?
• Case Hiibel v. Nevada (2004)
• Georgia Code
• GA Code 16-1ll-36(b)Offense of loitering or
  prowling (misdemeanor)
• Reasonable alarm or immediate concern
• Officer must afford opportunity to ID and explain
  presence and conduct
• How long is too long?
• Case US v. Sharpe (1985)
• Case Illinois v. McArthur (2001)

4
Justifications for a Stop

• Information of informants
• Drug courier profiles
• Controversial racial profiling
• Information provided in police bulletins

5
Scope of Stop and Frisk

• Plain Touch Doctrine
• Case Minnesota v. Dickerson (1993)
• Automobile Searches based upon reasonable
  suspicion
• Michigan v. Long (1983)
• Reasonable suspicion that suspect dangerous AND
• Search only in places within passenger
  compartment where weapons might be hidden

6
Roadblock Stops

• Can be a seizure under 4th Amendment
• Michigan v. Sitz (1990) Sobriety checkpoints
  constitutional
• Roadblocks for general search seizure purposes
  Indianapolis v. Edmond (2000)

7
Underlying Reasons to Support Terry Stops

• Anonymous Tips
• Florida v. JL (2000)
• Does a Persons Flight Justify a Terry Stop?
• Illinois v. Wardlow (2000)

8
Other Types of Investigatory Detentions - Airports

• US v. Place (1983) Dog sniff case how long is
  too long?
• Place Court suggests looking at 3 factors
• Whether police were diligent
• How long the property seizure lasted
• Whether seized property was taken to different
  location for further scrutiny

9
Other Types of Investigatory Detentions -
Fingerprinting

• Under Terry no taking back to station
• Hayes v. Florida (1985) might be ok to take
  prints in field if
• Reasonable suspicion suspect has committed crime
• Reasonable basis for believing printing will
  establish or negate persons connection
• Procedure is carried out quickly

10
Other Types of Investigatory Detentions US
Borders

• General diminished expectation of privacy
• Routine suspicionless searches of bags or vehicle
  ok.
• Roving patrols Almeida-Sanchez v. US (1973)
• More intrusive searches need more
• US v. Montoya de Hernandez 1985)