TaxonomyThe Science of Classification

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Taxonomy-The Science of Classification

• A. Linnaeus-the father of taxonomy
• 1. Binomial nomenclature
• a. Genus
• b. Specific epithet
• c. Species
• d. Strain
• 2. Taxonomic hierarchy
• B. Using a taxonomic key
• 1. Dichotomous key
• 2. Bacterial dichotomous key
• C. Problems in taxonomy
• D. Developments since Linnaeus's time
• 1. Contributions by Haeckel
• 2. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology
• 3. Contributions by Margulis and Copeland
• 4. Contributions by Whittaker

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The Five-Kingdom Classification System

• A. General features
• B. Kingdom Monera
• 1. True bacteria
• 2. Cyanobacteria
• 3. Archaeobacteria
• C. Kingdom Protista
• D. Kingdom Fungi
• E. Kingdom Plantae
• F. Kingdom Animalia

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The Three-Domain Classification System

• The evolution of prokaryotic organisms
• Stromatolites
• Domain
• The tree of life is replaced by a shrub
• The Archaea
• Methanogens
• Extreme halophiles
• Extreme thermoacidophiles

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The Search for Evolutionary Relationships

• A. Special methods needed for prokaryotes
• B. Numerical taxonomy
• C. Genetic homology
• 1. Base composition
• 2. DNA and RNA sequencing
• 3. DNA hybridization
• 4. Protein profiles and amino acid sequences
• a. Protein profile
• b. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)
• D. Other techniques
• 1. Properties of ribosomes
• 2. Immunological reactions
• 3. Phage typing
• E. Significance of findings
• 1. Major significance
• 2. Divergent evolution

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Bacterial Taxonomy and Nomenclature

• Criteria for classifying bacteria
• Type strain
• ATCC
• The history and significance of Bergeys Manual
• Problems associated with bacterial taxonomy
• Taxonomy from the top down
• Taxonomy from the bottom up
• The muddle in the middle
• Bacterial nomenclature
• Bacteria by section of First Edition Bergeys
  Manual
• Bacterial taxonomy and you

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