Addition'

1
Addition.
The numbers being added are called addends. As-

2 1 5 6 3 5 4 2 6 4 5 3

Addends.

Sum
1
5
1
1 2

The result of addition of the addends is
called the sum.
2
Subtraction.
The number from which we subtract the other
number is called minuend. As-


4 6 5 7
Minuend
4 6 5 7
3 5 6 8
Subtrahend
3 5 6 8
9
8
0
1
Difference
Subtrahend
Minuend
The number which is subtracted is
called subtrahend.
The result obtained on subtraction is called the
difference.
3
Factors.
A number is a factor of another number if it
divides that number exactly, without any
remainder. As-
4 is a factor of 28 (4 X 7 28)
7 is also a factor of 28.
11 is a factor of 33 (11 X 3 33)
3 is also a factor of 33.
Q- Is 7 a factor of 203?
2
9
Ans.-
(
)
2 0 3
7
-
1 4
3
6
X
29 is also a factor of 203. As 7 X 29 203
29 X 7 203.
6 3
Yes, Since the remainder is 0 7 is a factor of
203.
0
4
Properties of Factors.

• 1 is a factor of every number.
• Every number (other than zero) is a factor of
  itself. As-
• 1 X 36 36
• 36 X 1 36.
• We know 0 multiplied by any number gives the
  product 0.
• Thus every number is a factor of zero.

5

• A factor of a number (other than zero) is either
  less than or equal to the number.
• As-
• 12 1 X 12
• 12 2 X 6
• 12 3 X 4
• So factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12.
• The largest factor is 12 (the number itself).
• Therefore, a factor of a number is either less
  than or equal to itself.

6
Multiples.

• 8 X 7 56
• 56 is called the multiple of 8
• 56 is also a multiple of 7
• As- 8 X 7 56
• 7 X 8 56.
• The multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12......

7

• The multiples of a number are obtained by
  multiplying the whole numbers 1, 2, 3, 4
• The smallest multiple of a number is the number
  itself.
• As-
• 5 X 1 5 or 7 X 1 7 etc.

8
Properties of Multiples.

• Every number is the multiple of 1.
• Every number is the multiple of itself.
• As- 1 X 15 15.
• 0 is the multiple of every number.
• As- 25 X 0 0 36 X 0 0

9

• Every multiple of whole number (except 0) is
  either greater than of equal to the number.
• As- Multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24 ..
• The smallest multiple of 6 is 6 and other
  multiples of 6 are greater than 6.

10
Exercise.

• The multiple of an even number is always..even
  number.
• The multiple of an odd number may be odd or even.
• Zero is the whole number which is a multiple of
  every number.
• Every number is the multiple of one and the
  number itself.
• The multiples of any number are infinite.

11
Prime Number.

• A prime number is a number which cannot be
  divided by any number except by 1 or the number
  itself.
• As- 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23 etc.
• NOTE- 1 is not a prime number since it has only
  one factors, that is itself.

12
Composite Number.

• Composite number is a number which can be divided
  by any other number except by 1 or the number
  itself.
• As- 15 1 X 3 X 5.

13
Exercise

• What is a prime number?
• Is 1 a prime number or composite? Why?
• What is a composite number?

The End