UNDP UNECE

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• UNDP /UNECE
• NHDR Workshop on Statistical Indicators
• Bratislava, 5-7 May 2003
• Disaggregation by Gender
• Dono Abdurazakova, Gender Adviser
• UNDP Regional Support Centre, Bratislava

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Purpose

• - to enlarge on gender disaggregation
• - to assess the relevance ( the strength and
  limits) of the proposed HD indicators from gender
  perspective

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What is Gender Mainstreaming?

• the process of assessing the implications for
  women and men of any planned action, including
  legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas
  and at all levels. It is a strategy for making
  womens as well as mens concerns and experiences
  an integral dimension of the design,
  implementation, monitoring and evaluation of
  policies and programmes in all political,
  economic and societal spheres so that women and
  men benefit equally and inequality is not
  perpetuated. The ultimate goal is to achieve
  gender equality. The Report of the Economic and
  Social Council for 1997. United Nations, 1997.

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Disaggregation Gender Arguments

• Primary and overall classification
• Crucial element in policies, plans and
  strategies, as includes specific problems
• Particularly important to understand hidden
  links
• Tracking progress monitoring and evaluation of
  policies and action

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Why disaggregation by gender needed?

• Helps to combat with wrong perceptions
• Raises awareness and consciousness
• Persuades policy makers
• Provides the basis for unbiased policy decisions
• Helps promote change

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National HDRs Have an important awareness
raising and policy advocacy role to play in
addressing the challenges of Putting people
first. This approach cannot afford to deal with
averages .
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Ideally, disaggregation by gender is about

• ALL statistics on individuals collected by sex
• All variables and characteristics analyzed and
  presented by sex
• All statistics reflecting gender issues

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Limitations

• The indicators are limited in scope
• (how to measure care, impact of domestic
  violence or emotional implications of
  discrimination?)
• Closing gender gaps doesnt always mean equal
  empowerment or benefits for all

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Are gender disparities growing in the region?

• the highest rates of suicides (up to 90)
  committed by men in some parts of the region
  worldwide
• the biggest gap worldwide in life expectancy
  (women outlive men almost 16 years in some
  regions of Russia, 2000)
• diverse tendencies from gender perspective in
  education with feminization of higher education
  in some countries combined with dramatically low
  levels of womens representation and
  participation in political life and top
  decision-making.

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EDUCATION Ratio of girls to boys in primary,
secondary and tertiary education (MDGs)

• University Degrees , by sex, , 1998
• Albania 64 36
• BH 64 36
• Bulgaria 64 36
• Croatia 58 42
• FYROM 58 42
• Romania 54 46
• Turkey 40 60
• SM 60 40
• Source UNDP/UNECE Gender statistics website
  http//www.unece.org

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Womens average monthly income as percentage of
mens
Albania 87 BH n/a Bulgaria n/a
Croatia n/a Romania 80 Turkey n/a Serbia
Montenegro 79 Source UNDP/UNECE Gender
statistics website http//www.unece.org
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Working population
Source UNDP/UNECE Gender statistics website
http//www.unece.org
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Seats in parliament
Source UNDP/UNECE Gender statistics website
http//www.unece.org
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Challenges

• To train more people to be effective users of
  gender-sensitive indicators
• To further strengthen capacities of national
  statistical offices
• To create new indicators and indices
• To improve existing databases