ARCHITECTURE IN LATER ISLAM

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ARCHITECTURE IN LATER ISLAM REGIONAL VARIATIONS
1000-1500 CE
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MOORISH SPAIN
TURKEY
PERSIA
NORTH INDIA
FATIMID EGYPT
The spread of Islam, 1500
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MOORISH SPAIN
TURKEY
PERSIA
NORTH INDIA
FATIMID EGYPT
REGIONS AND DYNASTIES EGYPT Fatimid (953-1020),
Mamluk (1250-1340) PERSIA Seljuks and Safavids
(1055-1700) TURKEY Seljuks and Ottoman
(1290-1918) NORTH INDIA Delhi Sultanate
(1200-1526)
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LATER ISLAM Cultural variations The spread of
Islam and the issue of a universal Islamic ethos
and regional cultures Ideological
variations The Sunni and Shii
ideological division within Islam, and its
architectural impacts different building
typologies, e.g., the building and practice
of shrines for saints in Shiism The mosque as a
key architectural object, and the
cultural Modulations of the mosque type Mosque
and the mosque ensemble Different ways of
defining and designing the ensemble in the
various regions
NORTH AFRICA
TURKEY
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Building types Masjid, mosque Khan,
Caravanserai, lodging place Madrasa, religious
school Mazar, mausoleum/shrine Khanqah
residential Sufi convent with an additional
funerary function
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Masjid (Mosque) Muslim House of
Prayer Performance as a religious space,
educational space, community space, and
multi-functional space.
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The building tradition in Islam
Shared practices Calligraphy, abstract designs
and articulation of surfaces
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Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan Hasan, Cairo (14th c.)
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Al-Azhar University, Cairo (10th c.)
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Gunbad I Qabus, Gurgan, Iran (11th c.)
Mosque-Madrasa Sultan Hasan, Cairo
(14th c.)
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Bridges, roadways, serais and other
infrsstructures
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Variations of the mosque Elements to
notice Nature of courtyard and main hall Shape
and structure of domes Nature and location of
minars Overall form and geometry of mosque
TURKEY
NORTH AFRICA
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centralized volume
hypostyle hall courtyard
NORTH AFRICA PERSIA
TURKEY
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Moorish Spain as a major center of Islamic
learning and culture Ties with North Africa and
Arabic culture Gateway to cultural exchange
between late medieval Europe and Islam Moorish
Cordoba as one of the flourishing cities
in Europe in the 10th-12th c.
Alhambra Palace, Granada, 14th c
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Court of Lions
Court of Myrtle
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Mosque-Cathedral, Cordoba 8th-12th c.
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Mosque, Cordoba (Moorish Spain/North Africa)
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PERSIAN
Masjid-i-Shah, Isfahan (1612)
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Tomb of Oljeitu, Sultanieh, 14th c.
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Gunbad-i-Qabus, Gurgan, 1006
Maidan I Shah, Isfahan, 16th c.
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The Persian Mosque Persian mosques
characterized by centralized courtyards With
iwans at axial points Iwan is an arched
portico Domes with high drums Glazed tiles on
surfaces Dematerializing the surface
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The dome, the drum and the portal in Persia
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Masjid-i-Shah, Isfahan, 1612
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Courtyard and iwan at Masjid-i-Jami, Isfahan
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Masjid I Jami, Friday Mosque, Isfahan
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Ribbed dome with glazed tiles Gur I Amir,
Samarkand
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TURKEY
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Turkish mosques Cubic, pyramidal form Domed
pavilions Pronounced exteriority Centralized
plan Emphasis on clear space Engaged, slender
minars Modularity in organization
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Yesil Cami Mosque, Bursa, 1413
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Uc Serefeli Mosque, Edirne, 1438
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Selimiye Mosque, Edirne, 15th c.
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Kulliye A mosque and madrasa complex
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Mosque
Mausoleum
Hospital
Cemetery
Madrasa
Hospice
Kulliye of Mehmed II, Istanbul, 1463
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The position of the mosque in the urban context
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INDIA
Jami Masjid, Ahmedabad, 1424
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Syncretistic architecture Fusion of
Turko-Persian and pre-existing Indic
architectural languages, techniques and
craftsmanship
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Qutb Minar, Delhi
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Tomb of Humayun, Delhi
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Palace Complex, Fatehpur Sikri
Taj Mahal Mausoleum, Agra
Mughal Architecture