The World of Carbon

1
Higher Chemistry

• Unit 2
• The World of Carbon

2
The World of Carbon

• Organic chemistry concerns compounds containing
  carbon.
• In this Unit you will learn about
• Fuels - traditional and alternative
• Hydrocarbons nomenclature of alkanes, alkenes
  and alkynes reactions of alkenes and alkynes
  aromatic hydrocarbons

3
The World of Carbon

• Alkanols, alkanals and alkanones types of
  alkanols oxidation of alkanols and alkanals
• Carboxylic acids and esters uses making and
  breaking esters percentage yields
• Polymers polyamides polyesters aramids
  polymers with special properties
• Natural Products - fats and oils soaps proteins

4
Standard Grade Revision

• 1a. Name the three fossil fuels

Coal, oil and gas
1b. Why are they called fossil fuels?
Made from plant and animal remains
1c. Describe how a fossil fuel is formed
Decaying dead organisms covered by rock. Pressure
builds up. Organic matter converted to fossil
fuel by action of bacteria.
5
Standard Grade Revision

• 2a. Name the process used to
• separate crude oil into
• fractions

Fractional Distillation
2b. What physical property does this
process depend on?
Boiling point (depends on molecule size)
6
Standard Grade Revision
3a. Name the process used to break
long-chain hydrocarbons into smaller ones.
(Catalytic) cracking
3b. Why is this process carried out?
To make smaller, more useful hydrocarbons
7
Standard Grade Revision

• 4. Decane molecules can be broken down as shown
  by the equation
• C10H22 Y C2H4

• Decane is a hydrocarbon. What does the term
  hydrocarbon mean?
• Compound containing only carbon and hydrogen
• b. Write down the molecular formula for
  hydrocarbon Y
• C8H18

8
Standard Grade Revision

• 5. Petrol is a hydrocarbon.
• Write a word equation for the reaction when
  petrol burns in a plentiful supply of air.
• Petrol oxygen carbon dioxide
  water
• b. When petrol is burned in a car engine,carbon
  monoxide may be formed. What condition causes the
  formation of carbon monoxide?
• Insufficient oxygen