Outline

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Outline

• Introduction Jeff
• Pin Side Unit
• Power Supply - Jeff
• Sensor / Filter - Dan
• Timing / Image Transmission - John
• Digital Camera - Elizabeth
• User Side Unit
• Image Processing Kelly
• User Interface - Joe
• Conclusions / Questions - Jeff

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IntroductionBackground

• Inspiration for our project came from the GCC
  bowling alley.
• Conducted a survey and two interviews.
• Current systems were too expensive and required
  professional technicians to install.
• Bowl-O-Drome uses AMF Boss system.

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IntroductionDesign Objectives

• Minimized production costs
• (recurring costs lt 500)
• Installable by bowling center owners without the
  assistance of a professional technician
• Accurately keeps track of all game information
  for up to six players, including scoring
  information for each ball and the current score
• GUI is intuitive and easily understood by even
  novice bowlers

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System Block Diagram
Pin Side Unit
User Side Unit
Picture from Pins
Power Supply
Matlab / C Code
Timer Circuit
Digital Camera
What is to be Displayed
Image of Pins
Switch Signal w/ Delay
Personal Computer (Notebook)
Image of Pins
Camera Receiver
IR Switch Filter
What is to be Displayed
Image of Pins
Sweep
Display
Image of Pins (wireless)
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Power Supply
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System Block Diagram
Pin Side Unit
User Side Unit
IR Switch Filter
Sweep
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Sensor

• Triggers camera to take picture
• Original plan to have laser reflect off bowling
  ball
• New plan to have laser reflect off sweep
• Timing delays are uniform regardless of ball
  speed
• Can use smaller laser due to shorter distance

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Receiver

• Use phototransistor in actual circuit with 850nm
  filter for ambient light rejection
• Reflect signal using reflective tape on ball sweep

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Transmitter

• Scratch using LEDs for using VCSEL
• Lower power consumption and threshold current
  than traditional EELs
• Longer lifetime
• Narrower beam divergence
• Coherent, predictable light output
• Much more efficient

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Amplification of Signal
10k
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Square Wave Generator and Filter
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Purpose of the Filter (or lack thereof)

• Ambient light could cause false triggers
• Has not been an issue at the GCC Bowling Lanes
• Lack of testing conditions (cosmic bowling or
  other varied lighting conditions)
• Left filter in circuit for
• system robustness

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System Block Diagram
Pin Side Unit
User Side Unit
Switch Signal w/ Delay
Timer Circuit
IR Switch Filter
Sweep
Image of Pins (wireless)
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Circuit ComponentsTiming Circuit
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Timing Circuit

• After sweep trips the ball sensor, delay for pins
  to settle
• Second delay to prevent retriggering
• Analyzed video of pinsetter operation to
  determine appropriate delays
• First delay - 1.4 seconds
• Second delay - 8.75 seconds
• Camera triggers after first delay

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Image Transmission

• Problem
• Getting the data from the camera side to the
  computer on the user side
• System Requirements
• Small Files approximately 16 KB
• High speed transfers not needed
• Minimal system installation difficulty

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Image TransmissionWhat didnt work

• Aerocomm AC4490 900 MHz RF Transceivers
• Unable to interface with camera / computer
• Microtune Bluetooth Printer Adapter
• Unable to support required data rates

What worked

• Camera with integrated Bluetooth connection

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System Block Diagram
Pin Side Unit
User Side Unit
Picture from Pins
Digital Camera
Switch Signal w/ Delay
Timer Circuit
Image of Pins
Camera Receiver
Image of Pins
IR Switch Filter
Sweep
Image of Pins (wireless)
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Digital CameraObstacles

• Logitech Clicksmart 310
• Unable to interface the camera to a wireless
  connection due to bandwidth issues
• Lenses to magnify image to increase usable area
• Unable to attach to camera and keep in focus

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Digital CameraThe Success

• Camera takes picture at a specified time
• Picture visibly shows all ten pins with
  sufficient spacing for image processing
• Image is accurately transferred to user-side
  computer

Logitech Quickcam Cordless
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Digital Camera

• Specifications
• Operating Range 75 feet
• Operating Band 2.4 GHz (Bluetooth)
• Four separate channels of operation
• 320 x 240 Still Image and Video Capture

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Digital Camera

• Two pins of interest on the camera switch
• During normal operation one is held high and the
  other low
• Camera takes a picture on a high-to-low
  transition
• Timer circuit is connected to the base leg of a
  transistor
• Camera pins connected across collector and
  emitter legs of transistor

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Camera Location
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System Block Diagram
Pin Side Unit
User Side Unit
Picture from Pins
Matlab / C Code
Digital Camera
Switch Signal w/ Delay
Timer Circuit
What is to be Displayed
Image of Pins
Image of Pins
Personal Computer (Notebook)
Camera Receiver
Image of Pins
IR Switch Filter
Sweep
Image of Pins (wireless)
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Image Processing

• Converting a jpeg to a single integer

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Image Conversion
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Image Conversion
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Image Conversion
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Aligning the Camera

• Scan the picture, looking for a region that meets
  the following criteria
• gt 25 of pixels are white
• Region has black borders that are at least 2
  pixels wide

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Horizontal Scanning Illustration

• Using a horizontal line scan, determine max
  number of white objects in the region
• Each object must be between 3 and 12 pixels long
• Return this number to scorekeeping code

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System Block Diagram
Pin Side Unit
User Side Unit
Picture from Pins
Power Supply
Matlab / C Code
Timer Circuit
Digital Camera
What is to be Displayed
Image of Pins
Switch Signal w/ Delay
Personal Computer (Notebook)
Image of Pins
Camera Receiver
IR Switch Filter
What is to be Displayed
Image of Pins
Sweep
Display
Image of Pins (wireless)
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Autostrike User Interface
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Main View
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Overview of User Interface

• The User Interface
• is written entirely in
• C using the
• Microsoft
• Foundation Class
• libraries

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Document Class

• The document class contains all the computational
  work that is done in the application

• The Document class contains
• The Bowling Scoring algorithms
• A separate object for each bowler to keep track
  of their name, score, turn, etc.

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View Class

• The View class handles all interaction with the
  bowler
• Anything that the bowler sees on the screen comes
  from functions in the View class

• The View class contains
• The MatLab image processing algorithm, compiled
  into C
• All the display algorithms for outputting the
  score to the user

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View Class HScan Function

• Matlab code compiled into C and inserted into
  the view class of the user interface app
• HScan will receive the JPEG image, compute the
  new pin count, and report it to the view class

Matlab
Matlab
Matlab Image Processing Code
C Image Processing Code
Compiler
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View class Display Algorithms

• The view class will receive updated scores and
  frame information from the document class
• It will take these scores, figure out where on
  the screen they need to be posted based on the
  frame number, and then output the scores to the
  screen

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Software Summary
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Budget

• Non-Recurring Costs
• Matlab 300
• Matlab Compiler 300
• Visual Studio 80
• Recurring Costs
• Camera 200
• Laser Diodes 15
• IR switch and miscellaneous circuitry 30
• Power Supply 20
• Manufacturing cost 25/unit
• Total Recurring Costs 290

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ConclusionsWhat Succeeded

• Precise triggering by reflecting off sweep
• Accurate timing delays determined experimentally
• Camera with integrated Bluetooth connection
• Redesign of image processing code for greater
  robustness
• User interface displays scores in easily
  understandable format

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Conclusions

• A system should be developed to fit the needs of
  smaller bowling centers.
• The system needs to be installable without
  professional assistance.
• The system needs to cost far less than current
  systems on the market.
• The system that is required is the
• Autostrike Automated Bowling Scoring System

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Thanks

• Dr. Yeager
• Mr. Jaillet
• Dr. Lyle
• John the bowling alley guy
• GCC Electrical Engineering Professors
• Chris Borders and our business team

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Thank you for your attention.Any Questions?