Synthetic Biology for Synthetic Drugs and Fuels

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Synthetic Biologyfor Synthetic Drugs and Fuels

• Jay Keasling
• University of California, Berkeley
• Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

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Malaria
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Chloroquine-based drugs
Source Roll Back Malaria World Malaria Report
2005
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Artemisininthe best anti-malarial drug
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Current process
Purification
Artemisinin
Plant synthesis
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Artemisinin demand analysis
Millions of treatments
Total ACT Demand
350
300
250
200
150
ACTs delivered
100
ACTs delivered (actual)
BCG Demand forecast scenarios
50
Demand forecasts from other groups
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Source Boston Consulting Group
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Artemisinin price swings
Artemisinin prices (/kg)
Food prices (indexed to Jan 2002)
Commodity food prices
Artemisinin prices
Source Boston Consulting Group
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Artemisinin supply
Tonnes of Artemisinin
350
Historic production
Stock from previous year
300
Minimum production floor
Variable production
250
200

150
100
50
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Source Boston Consulting Group
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Current process
Purification
Artemisinin
Plant synthesis
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Microbial process
Purification
Artemisinin
Microbial synthesis
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Microbial synthesis of artemisinin
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Improvements in yield ? lower artemisinin costs
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Research, Development Delivery
Amyris Biotechnologies
Keasling Laboratory
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Global Warming and Energy Security
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Petroleum-based transportation fuels
CO2
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Corn to Ethanol
CO2
CO2
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Corn to Ethanol
CO2
CO2
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Corn to Ethanol
CO2
CO2
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Corn is not an ideal energy crop

• Water requirements
• Fertilizer requirements
• Bred to be a food crop

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Biomass to Ethanol
CO2
CO2
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US annual biomass inventory 1.3 billion tons
Wheat straw
Corn stover
6.1
Soy
19.9
6.2
Crop residues
7.6
Grains
5.2
Manure
4.1
Urban waste
2.9
Perennial crops
35.2
Forest
12.8
From Billion ton Vision, DOE USDA 2005
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How much fuel can we produce from 1.3 billion
tons of biomass?
2007 US Petroleum Consumption
7.6
7
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2007 US Imports
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Energy from burning biomass
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4.4
Billion Barrels of Oil Equivalents
2007 US Domestic Production
3.5
Fuel yields from biomass using mid-term
conversion technology
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2.5
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1.9
1
0
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Biomass to Ethanol
CO2
CO2
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Ethanol is not an ideal fuel
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Repurposing a microbial production platform
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Repurposing a microbial production platform
Biofuel
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Engineered microbes produce oil and advanced
biofuels
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Biomass to advanced transportation fuels
CO2
CO2
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The Joint BioEnergy Institute (jbei)
CO2
CO2
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jbei a Bay Area Partnership
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jbeis Research Program
CO2
CO2
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jbei a single location
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jbei an incubator for great ideas and the green
economy
Petroleum Companies
Biofuels Companies
Biotech Companies
Plant Genetics Companies
Feedstock Companies
Chemical Companies