11 A New View of the Earth

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1-1 A New View of the Earth
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1-1 A New View of the Earth

• A.   Past Perceptions Meet New Issues
• a.   Scientist used to specialize on certain
  aspects of the earth.
• b.   Scientists of the 20th century began to
  realize that the various parts of the earth were
  connected as a system.
• c. What is so bad about CFCs?

They break apart the ozone layer!
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1-1 A New View of the Earth

• B. The Rise of Earth System Science
• a.   What is so great about technology?
• b.  List some examples here
• c. Scientists can now incorporate large amounts
  of data from various sources. They create
  models.

It allows us to collect and manipulate more
information
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1-1 A New View of the Earth

• C.   What is a System?
• a.  System- A part of the universe that can be
  studied separately.
• b. Closed System- Energy may enter, but matter
  does not leave. Tea example on page 5.
• c. Open System- The system and its surroundings
  freely exchange both energy and matter.

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1-1 A New View of the Earth

• D.  A Planetary System
• a.   The Earth is essentially a closed system.
  What are some exceptions?

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1-1 A New View of the Earth

• E. Nature, Science, and Human Policy
• a.   How does man impact the Earth as a system?
• b.  List some examples
• c.   How does man help reduce this impact?
• d. What are some future concerns?

Over population?
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1-2 Earth Systems Four Spheres

• What are the four spheres?
• A. The Atmosphere
•   a. It is the gaseous envelope that surrounds
  the Earth.
• b. What is it composed of?
• c. What causes wind?

Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide and other gases
Differences in Pressure
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1-2 The Earth Systems Four Spheres

• B. The Geosphere
•   a. What makes up the geosphere?
• b. What layers are found below the Earths
  surface?
• c. What is some evidence that the geosphere is
  constantly changing?

Answer rocks, mountains, beaches
Answer Erosion, Deposition, Volcanism, Plate
movement
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1-2 Earth Systems Four Spheres

• C. The Hydrosphere
• a. Contains all of the water in the oceans,
  lakes, rivers, and groundwater. It also includes
  water locked up in glaciers and ice caps.
• b. Only 3 of the hydrosphere consists of
  freshwater. Only one half of one percent is
  usable.

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1-2 Earth Systems Four Spheres

• D. The Biosphere
• a. The biosphere is a product of the interaction
  of all of the other spheres.
• b. It includes all forms of life and how they
  interact.

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1-2 Earth Systems Four Spheres

• E. Interactions Among the Spheres
• a. What are some examples of the Earths spheres
  interacting?

Rain eroding the land, volcanoes spewing gases
into the atmosphere..
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1-2 Earth Systems Four Spheres

• F. How Interactions Change the Spheres
• a. What are some examples of how changes over
  time have changed the Earth?

The atmosphere has stabilized to accommodate life.
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1-3 Cycles and the Earth

• A. The Water Cycle
• a. Cycle-A sequence of events that repeats.
• b. Water Cycle- The continuous circulation of
  water through the hydrosphere.

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1-3 Cycles and the Earth

• c. Evapotranspiration-The cycling of water vapor
  into the atmosphere by the evaporation and
  transpiration.
• Draw a simplified picture of the water cycle on
  page 13.

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1-3 Cycles and the Earth

• B. The Carbon Cycle
• a. It is a biogeochemical cycle involving the
  element carbon.
• b. Carbon is the building block of all life.
• c. What are some ways that carbon enters the
  atmosphere?

The Burning of Fossil Fuels
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1-3 Cycles and the Earth
Trapped in plants and animals.

• d. How is it removed?
• e. How much carbon does the ocean remove from
  the atmosphere?
• f. What happens to the carbon when an organism
  dies?

About 40
It is slowly released into the environment or
turned into a fossil fuel
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1-3 Cycles and the Earth

• C. The Energy Cycle
• a. The energy cycle is a balance between energy
  lost and energy gained.
• b.  What happens if it is not balanced?

We heat up (global warming) or cool down (ice age)
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1-3 Cycles and the Earth

• c.   Most of the energy that enters the system is
  solar energy. Other sources are Geothermal and
  Tidal.
• d. 40 of the energy is reflected back. The rest
  is absorbed into the environment.

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1-3 Cycles and the Earth

• D. The Laws of Thermo Dynamics
• a. Deals with how energy flows.
• b. 1st law- Energy cannot be created nor
  destroyed, only changed from one form or
  another.

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1-3 Cycles and the Earth

• c. 2nd law- When energy changes, it is converted
  from a more useful, more concentrated form to a
  less useful, less concentrated form.

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1-3 Cycles and the Earth

• E. The Effects of Earths Surface
• a. The Earths surface is not flat and
  uniform. It is covered with oceans, deserts,
  grasslands, forests, cities and glaciers.

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1-3 Cycles and the Earth

• b. Albedo-The percentage of energy that is
  reflected without being changed.
• c. Why does albedo vary?
• d. How do humans affect the Earths albedo?

Different landscapes
Cities, parking lots, deforestation