Approach to the

1
Approach to the IW Environment
2
Understanding the Environment
Approach the problem from the perspective of the
insurgent and population to help define
priorities and the balance of efforts. What is a
counterinsurgency? - What are we
countering? - What is Counterinsurgency vs.
Counterguerrilla warfare
Counterguerrilla
Counterinsurgency
3
Mindset and the Full Spectrum of COIN
Counterguerrilla
Counterinsurgency
Countering Insurgents (e.g. Counter IED)
Counterguerrilla
- Short term - Reactive -
Tactical - Military
Versus
Counterinsurgency
Eliminating Root Causes (e.g. denying
insurgents passive/active support of the
population to lay in IEDs.
- Medium and long term - Proactive - Tactical
(with cumulative) - Military and political
4
Mindset and the Full Spectrum of COIN
What is a counterinsurgency? - Countering
Insurgents - Countering the Root Causes
of the insurgency
Counterinsurgency
Counterguerrilla
Balanced Development
Balanced Development - Political Reform -
Economic Reform - Social Refrom Mobilization -
Manpower - Material Neutralization - Physical
Interdiction - Psychological Interdiction Securit
y - Population - Infrastructure Advising HN
(Combat Advisor) - Leadership - Training -
Equip/Admin/Logistics - Ethos/Professionalization
Balanced Development
Mobilization
Neutralization
Security
Mobilization
Advising HN (Combat Advisor)
The Full Spectrum of Counterinsurgency
Counterguerrilla
5
How do we bridge the gap from DOCTRINE to
APPLICATION?
Versus
Know It
Know It
Get It
Size and Experience of the Force
6
3
Mindset / Perspective
2
1
7
IPB in Counterinsurgency Overview
8
Approaching the Problem COIN IPB

• Part I Operational Environment
• - AO/AI Study ASCOPEs (overlays)
• Part II Environment's Effects
• - Determine Root Causes of the Insurgency
• Part III Evaluate the Threat
• - 7 Dynamics (Leadership, Ideology, Objectives,
  External Support, Environment and Geography,
  Phases and Timing, Organization and Pattern
• - Determine Strategy
• Part IV Threat Courses of Action Analysis
• - Determine and analyze insurgent MPCOA/MDCOA
  (AKA COIN Center of Gravity Analysis)

9
IPB 1
Visualize the specific groups that defines the
limits of the AO/AI by looking at the physical
and human terrain using ASCOPE (overlay).
Identify each specific community or group.
1
Determine Threat Courses of Action
Define the Operational Environment
Describe the Environment's Effects
Evaluate the Threat
10
IPB 2
Visualize the specific groups that defines the
limits of the AO/AI by looking at the physical
and human terrain using ASCOPE (overlay).
Identify each specific community or group.
1
Determine Threat Courses of Action
Define the Operational Environment
Describe the Environment's Effects
Evaluate the Threat
2
Visualize the 3 x Root Causes by community or
specific group depicted in the Overlay from IPB I
11
IPB 3
Visualize the specific groups that defines the
limits of the AO/AI by looking at the physical
and human terrain using ASCOPE (overlay).
Identify each specific community or group.
1
Determine Threat Courses of Action
Define the Operational Environment
Describe the Environment's Effects
Evaluate the Threat
2
3
Assess the insurgents strategy and forecast his
MD/MP COA (add to IPB I-II overlay to visualize
and the enemys campaign plan and how he gains
passive/active support of the population)
Visualize the 3 x Root Causes by community or
specific group depicted in the Overlay from IPB I
12
The enemys Strategy and capabilities (IPB III)
to use Root Causes (IPB II) to specifically
target and leverage the human and physical
terrain (IPB I) to accomplish MD/MP COAs. In
short this is the enemys campaign plan.
IPB 4
Visualize the specific groups that defines the
limits of the AO/AI by looking at the physical
and human terrain using ASCOPE (overlay).
Identify each specific community or group.
4
1
Determine Threat Courses of Action
Define the Operational Environment
Describe the Environment's Effects
Evaluate the Threat
2
3
Assess the insurgents strategy and forecast his
MD/MP COA (add to IPB I-II overlay to visualize
and the enemys campaign plan and how he gains
passive/active support of the population)
Visualize the 3 x Root Causes by community or
specific group depicted in the Overlay from IPB I
13
IPB
4
1
4
1
Determine Threat Courses of Action
Define the Operational Environment
How ENEMY uses ISSUES to get PEOPLE
The PEOPLE
Describe the Environment's Effects
Evaluate the Threat
Their ISSUES
The ENEMY
2
3
2
3
14
IPB 4
4
1
4
1
How ENEMY uses ISSUES to get PEOPLE
The PEOPLE
Their ISSUES
The ENEMY
2
3
2
3
15
Begin to Develop Insurgent Campaign Plan
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
Assess Strategy Forecast Operational OBJs
across
Root Causes 1. Vulnerable Population 2.
Lack of Leadership 3. Lack Government Control
Military
Political
COAs
COAs
16
What
w/ Who
How
Begin to Develop Insurgent Campaign Plan
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
Assess Strategy Forecast Operational OBJs
across
Root Causes 1. Vulnerable Population 2.
Lack of Leadership 3. Lack Government Control
17
What
w/ Who
How
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
MDMP
MDMP
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
Root Causes 1. Vulnerable Population 2.
Lack of Leadership 3. Lack Government Control
18
What
w/ Who
How
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
MDMP
MDMP
MDMP
MDMP
MDMP
MDMP
MDMP
MDMP
MDMP
MDMP
MDMP
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
Root Causes 1. Vulnerable Population 2.
Lack of Leadership 3. Lack Government Control
19
COIN IPB/Overlay helps with
Site selection of Combat Outposts
COP
Standardizes method to assist units, HN
security forces, coalition members, local
leaders, government agencies, PRTs, etc in
focusing on - Political Objective - Unity of
Effort - Legitimacy - Adaptability -
Perseverance
COP
COP
Overlapping sectors based on Operational
Environment
COP
I/O message and delivery method based on
Operational Environment, and Effects
COP
COP
COP
Greatly assists in cultural and situational
awareness (key to Mission success and Force
Protection).
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
Addresses Effects (Root Causes) by the
Environment to forecast and deny Threat from
gaining active / passive support.
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
Root Causes 1. Vulnerable Population 2.
Lack of Leadership 3. Lack Government Control
Support med/long term plans and continuity to
insure sustainment from tour to tour and during
handoff to HN
20
COIN IPB/Overlay helps with
Site selection of Combat Outposts
JSS
Standardizes method to assist units, HN
security forces, coalition members, local
leaders, government agencies, PRTs, etc in
focusing on - Political Objective - Unity of
Effort - Legitimacy - Adaptability -
Perseverance
JSS
JSS
Overlapping sectors based on Operational
Environment
JSS
I/O message and delivery method based on
Operational Environment, and Effects
JSS
JSS
JSS
Greatly assists in cultural and situational
awareness (key to Mission success and Force
Protection).
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
Addresses Effects (Root Causes) by the
Environment to forecast and deny Threat from
gaining active / passive support.
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
Root Causes 1. Vulnerable Population 2.
Lack of Leadership 3. Lack Government Control
Support med/long term plans and continuity to
insure sustainment from tour to tour and during
handoff to HN
21
COIN IPB/Overlay helps with
JSS
Uses standard conventional framework (4 x steps
IPB) but in a COIN environment. Consistency
and standardizing basic tools and mindset within
the framework of Doctrine outweighs each
centers, seminar, units, or schools individual
method If we all use these tools greatly
facilitates long-term sustainment which is vital
in a protracted struggle
JSS
JSS
JSS
JSS
JSS
JSS
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
3 x Root Causes
Root Causes 1. Vulnerable Population 2.
Lack of Leadership 3. Lack Government Control