Automatic Person Location Technologies and Solutions for Public Safety Users

1
Automatic Person Location Technologies and
Solutions for Public Safety Users

• Roger Dowling
• Deputy Managing Director Sepura Limited
• Board Member TETRA MoU Association

2
Automatic Person Location Technologies and
Solutions for Public Safety Users

• Andy Gregory
• Senior Account Manager
• Hans Van Der Velden
• Technical Support Engineer
• Sepura Limited

3
Agenda

• Introductions
• Market requirements for APLS for Public Safety
  users
• The command and control requirements of an APLS
  solution
• Review of location technologies
• TETRA services used for location solutions
• Future of APLS enabled products for public safety
  users

4
FACTS AND FIGURES - Sepura

• Facts
• Headquartered in Cambridge, UK
• Regional offices in Germany, Scandinavia,
  Poland, Russia, South Europe and Asia
• 170 employees of which 110 in development
• 500 man years of TETRA development expertise
• Design, develop, sell and support TETRA radios
  for use in the global market
• Products manufactured by Siemens
• More than 50 distributors world wide
• Customers in more than 60 countries

100,000th SRP2000 delivered in Dec 2004
5
Market Requirement Drivers APLS

• FCC E911 Mandate in the US
• Call centres
• Terminal or Network implemented solutions
• 50 - 100 metre accuracy for at least 67 of
  cases
• 150 - 300 metre accuracy for at least 95 of
  cases
• EU E112 Mandate in Europe
• Still not implemented !
• No defined accuracy specified !
• Both systems proposing using either TDOA or GPS
  location techniques
• Many Blue Light Forces now mandating APLS

6
Location Technology - Public Safety

• Know where someone is save LIFE.
• Better allocation of resources, prompt reaction
  to an Emergency save TIME.
• Better Control of the fleet save MONEY
• Improve job satisfaction save CHURN

7
Solution Influencing Factors

• Price
• Accuracy verses coverage
• Requirements differ for non emergency situations
• Varying locations - in city, in building
• Ergonomics
• Power consumption
• Timing of solution to reach the market
• Standard solution or proprietary ?
• Can the solution be supported by TETRA ?
• Network support and bandwidth requirements

8
Command Control Requirements

• Effective management
• Requirements differ from AVLS
• User needs to feel unthreatened by APLS
• Updated positioning details fixed to various
  duties
• Linking of various systems/databases to provide
  officer with advance warning of possible dangers

9
Resource management - AVLS
10
Resource management - APLS
11
Resource management filtering applied
12
Location Solutions Performance

• Low accuracy, low cost solutions
• Time difference of arrival
• Enhanced observed time difference
• Medium accuracy, medium cost solutions
• Standard GPS
• Assisted GPS
• Low signal strength GPS
• High accuracy, high cost solutions
• Differential GPS
• Combinations of Solutions

13
Low accuracy, low cost (terminal) solutions

• Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA)
• very costly to implement in the network
• accuracy of location is /- 500 metres
• Enhanced Observed Time Difference (EOTD)
• low cost, no base station support now claimed
• accuracy of location is 200m - 2km
• Both technologies
• Have good indoor/urban canyon penetration, but
  with very poor accuracy - a general show stopping
  issue for network based solutions where location
  accuracy could be critical
• Are bandwidth hungry therefore not suitable for
  TETRA

14
Network Based Solutions
15
Medium accuracy, medium cost solutions

• Standard GPS
• time to first acquisition (fix) is typically 3
  mins
• gt30 metres accuracy, no indoors or urban canyon
  coverage
• Assisted GPS
• time to first acquisition is typically 30 secs
• gt30 metres accuracy
• Low Signal Strength GPS (high sensitivity)
• time to first acquisition is typically 45 secs
• lt30 metres accuracy
• indoors/urban canyons
• Note, all the above have a location accuracy of
  lt10 metres for 95 of cases in open space

16
GPS based solutions
Dispatch workstations
17
High accuracy, high cost solutions

• Differential GPS
• open space accuracy lt10 metres off
• expensive to implement with land based
  differential base stations required and regular
  network broadcasts
• Network bandwidth hungry
• Solution Combinations (GPSBeaconsOdometer)
• accuracy anywhere between 0 - 10 metres
• very expensive beacon network required to
  support this

18
GPS - High accuracy
19
Data over network - Size of problem!

• Typically, position report messages could carry
  some or all of the following
• Date, Time, Latitude, Longitude, Altitude,
  Speed, Heading, Fix type, Confidence Level,
  Status, Fix Reason, Terminal ID, User Defined
  Field.
• Amount of message traffic generated by APLS
  systems is much larger than for AVLS
• Usage could increase 10 or 100 fold !
• Requires sophisticated filtering at command
  control

20
TETRA services for APLS

• TETRA services allow use of SDS messaging for
  transmission of GPS data-
• EN 300 392-2 TETRA (Voice plus Data (VD),
  part 2 Air Interface, v2.3.2
• SDS4 and SDS-TL delivers variable length
  messages to 2047 bits(255 bytes)
• GPS location data is provided in the NMEA
  formats, GLL, GSA, GGA etc.
• Typical GLL mesage could contain as much as 48
  bytes of data!
• In busy periods, with many location reports
  being sent, this could cause the network to be
  overloaded
• Location Information Protocol TS 100 392-18-1
  v1.1.1 Jan 2005
• Specifies the effective use of network by using
  compact message formats
• Typical message (compared to GLL) is 11 bytes
  long!

21
Future of APLS TETRA Terminals

• Technology Influenced Solutions
• Continuing integration of ICs and components
  enables space saving in handsets and is an
  opportunity to integrate location devices like
  GPS.
• The European Galileo system should be
  operational by 2008 and this is supposed to
  perform better than the existing US DofD GPS
  system.

22
GPS Performance - Trend
Galileo
L1, L2 L5 Frequency ( Galileo?)
Clear Sky Under Foliage Wooden
Building Urban Canyon Single Storey Brick
Building Multi Storey Concrete
building Underground?
High Quality Receiver
Future GPS ?
High Quality Hand Held Receiver
High sensitivity GPS
Other Sensors e.g. Gyroscope, Accelerometers
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
2010.. 2015 2020 2030
23
Benefits of GPS in Public Safety

• Enhances user safety
• Lone worker Emergency Button GPS
• Accurate Location
• Improves resource usage
• Improves response times
• Selection of most appropriate resource
• Reduce wasted resource
• Improves reporting accuracy
• Knowing precisely where an incident took place
• Improves user job satisfaction
• User feels safer and more confident
• Make GPS mandatory in your handset today

24
Summary

• Many different location technologies available
• Technology for both location based and TETRA is
  rapidly changing
• High sensitive GPS receivers currently provides
  the best fit for public safety requirements.
• Manufacturers ongoing programme to identify
  solutions and bring these quickly to market

25
MANY THANKS

• Any Questions ?