BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TODAY

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BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TODAY

• Chapter Two
• How ICT Works

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FOCUS QUESTION

• How does information and communication technology
  work?

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GET ON IT! CHAPTER PROJECT

• Creating Summary Booklets
• There will be one summary booklet for each of the
  four major topics. Each Summary Booklet should
• cover the main ideas of the topic
• use paper, cardboard, markers, etc.
• be suitable for students who know very
  little about ICTs

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Anatomy of a Computer

• A computer is only capable of doing what the user
  tells it to do.
• The four functions of computers are
• 1. input
• 2. processing
• 3. output
• 4. storage
• A computer must have
• 1. hardware
• 2. software

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FunctionsInput

• A computer collects data or instructions from the
  user via
• keyboard
• mouse or touchpad
• stylus
• touching a screen
• microphone

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FunctionsStorage

• The computer saves data or instructions in its
  memory for use during processing.

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FunctionsProcessing

• The computer interprets the data entered.
• The computer adds, multiplies, divides, finds, or
  manipulates data.
• The computer then creates processed information
  that the user can understand.

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FunctionsOutput

• The computer displays or produces processed
  information for the user via
• something that you see (screen)
• something that you hear (ding)
• something that you command the printer to print

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LITERACY TOOLBOX

• When summarizing keep track of several pieces of
  information in a chart or graphic organizer
  include
• subheadings
• keywords or phrases
• ideas in your own words

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GET ON IT! PROJECT UPDATE

• Summarize the first section on Anatomy of a
  Computer.
• Consider breaking the next section on Computer
  Hardware down into smaller sections
• What is Hardware?
• Computer Storage
• Peripheral Devices

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What is Hardware?

• Hardware is any part of a computer that you can
  touch.
• There are two kinds of hardware
• 1. internal
• 2. external

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Internal Hardware

• Power enters computer through power cord.
• Electricity travels through motherboard, where
  all components are attached.
• Electricity travels to the central processing
  unit (CPU), also called the microprocessor.
• The CPU manages information flow, as well as
  processing instructions and data.

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Internal Hardware(continued)

• The cache holds instructions that are accessed
  frequently.
• There are two kinds of cache
• 1. internal or L1 first place that the CPU
  looks
• 2. external or L2 second place that the CPU
  looks

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Internal Hardware(continued)

• Expansion slots can hold expansion cards such as
  a sound card or modem.
• Bus is a series of conductor wires that transport
  data between internal hardware.
• Wider bus widths result in more data being
  transported at faster speeds.

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Internal Hardware(continued)

• Drive bays hold disk drives such as hard drive
  and DVD drive.
• Memory chips are also attached to the
  motherboard.
• ROM Read Only Memory
• also called the system BIOS
• houses information such as instructions for
  start-up
• RAM Random Access Memory
• temporary

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How CPUs Work

• The CPU is the brain of the computer.
• The CPU performs four tasks
• 1. fetch
• 2. decode
• 3. execute
• 4. store

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Computer Storage

• The type of storage device used depends on
• the type of information being stored
• how much information being stored
• Examples of storage options include
• hard drive
• floppy disk
• CD-R or CD-RW
• DVD/-R or DVD/-RW
• online storage
• external hard drive
• USB Flash drive

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Peripheral Devices

• Peripheral devices are hardware plugged into
  ports or connected to a computer wirelessly.
• These devices can be for input, output, or both.
• Monitors provide a visual display on a screen.
  The two common types of monitors are
• cathode-ray tub (CRT)
• liquid crystal display (LCD)
• Modems transmit data by converting digital
  signals to analog signals and vice versa. This
  allows computers to communicate over phone lines.
• Expansion cards contain chips that add new
  features to a computer, such as a graphics card.

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Peripheral Devices(continued)

• Printers print text and graphics on paper. They
  can be impact or non-impact.
• Pointing devices control the movement of a cursor
  on the display screen. Examples include the
  mouse, the trackball, and the touch pad.
• Graphic tablets are a type of pointing device
  used by graphic designers.
• Gamepads are input devices controlled by a users
  thumbs.
• Keyboards enable users to enter data.

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Peripheral Devices(continued)

• Speakers allow the output of sound.
• Microphones input sound to a computer.
• Scanners allow documents and pictures to be
  scanned into the computer and to be stored in a
  digital file.
• Webcams take pictures and videos that can be
  uploaded to the Web.

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GET ON IT! PROJECT UPDATE

• Share your notes with your team.
• Decide how you want to present information for
  this section.

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Computer Software

• Computer software carries out the four functions
  (input, storage, processing, and output).
• Software is a set of electronic instructions that
  tell a computer what to do. A computer must have
  software.
• There are two types of software
• 1. operating software
• 2. application software

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Operating System Software

• The operating system software
• - recognizes data coming from an input
  device
• - sends information to an output device
• - keeps track of directories and files
• -controls peripheral devices
• - responsible for running software and for
  security
• Examples of operating systems include MS-DOS,
  Windows, Unix, Linux, and Mac OS.

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LITERACY TOOLBOX

• Analyzing a Case Study
• Before you read determine what you already know
  about the topic and predict what the case will be
  about.
• While you are reading make notes, identify facts,
  determine your issue statement, and organize
  viewpoints.
• After you are finished reading, summarize the
  case out loud, think about alternative outcomes,
  and respond to any questions.
• When working as a group
• set the tone
• work as an individual member of a team

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Application Software

• Application software is designed to allow users
  to perform specific tasks.
• Application software is categorized by its
  function
• utility
• productivity (word processing, spreadsheet,
  database, presentation)
• desktop publishing
• graphics
• Web development
• Internet browser
• computer games
• communications

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Desktop

• A desktop is a computer case designed to sit on
  your desk.
• It is also the primary screen on your computer.
• The appearance depends on interface
• menu-driven
• command-driven
• Most desktops use a graphical user interface
  (GUI) with windows, icons, and pop-up menus.

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Typical Desktop Features

• Typical desktop features include
• - wallpaper
• - icons
• - taskbar/menu bar
• - windows
• - screensaver

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GET ON IT! PROJECT UPDATE

• Meet with your team to discuss your points.
• How will you present your information?

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Computer Communication

• To communicate, computers must be linked via a
  network.
• A network is two or more computers connected by
  cable or radio signals.
• A computer that is not part of the network is a
  called a stand-alone.
• The two advantages of a network are
• access to information
• access to equipment

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Types of Networks

• There are two types of networks
• 1. A local area network (LAN) is located in one
  building.
• 2. A wide area network (WAN) covers a large
  geographic area.
• Networks are arranged in two ways
• 1. client/server
• One computer is the leader, or the server.
• The other computers (also called nodes) are
  clients.
• 2. peer-to-peer
• All computers act as both clients and servers.

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Network Topologies

• A topology is the physical layout of computers.
• There are two main topologies
• bus
• All nodes and peripherals are attached to one
  main cable.
• 2. star
• All nodes and peripherals are attached to a
  central hub.

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GET ON IT! PROJECT UPDATE

• Meet with your team to discuss your notes on
  Computer Communication.
• Establish how you will present this information.
• Complete your booklets.

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CHAPTER SUMMARY

• Update competencies.
• Update ICT Terminology wiki.
• Update portfolio.