Suggested list of issues on energy accounts

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Suggested list of issues on energy accounts

• UNSD Report
• Presented by Ilaria Di MatteoOfficer-in-Charge
• Energy Statistics Section
• 3rd Oslo Group Meeting, Vienna, AustriaVienna,
  4-6 February 2008

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• A special session on Energy accounts was
  organized by UNSD during the 12th London Group
  meeting (Rome, 17-19 December 2007)
• The objective was to identify the issues that
  need to be addressed in order to develop energy
  accounts standard tables
• The issues presented here reflect the discussion
  at the special session
• A drafting group (12 countries and 5
  international organizations) was created

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• The Oslo Group is invited to
• Provide comments on this suggested list of issues
• Actively contribute to the activities of the
  drafting group

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General issue

• Terminology
• The terminology used in energy statistics may not
  be fully consistent with the terminology used in
  national accounts. It is important to develop a
  common language among the various communities.
  It is therefore advisable that common energy
  terms (e.g. energy carriers, etc.) be also
  defined in the SEEA-E and linked to the standard
  accounts terminology.

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Asset accounts

• Asset accounts record the opening and closing
  stocks and the changes therein. They are
  compiled for both produced and non-produced
  assets.
• Issue 1. Energy resources (underground)
• definition and classification of mineral and
  energy resources
• stocks of renewable energy resources (do they
  exist, how to measure, etc.)

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Asset accounts

• Issue 2. Inventories of energy products (Stocks)
• Definition
• Issue 3. Energy-related infrastructure
  Infrastructure for the exploration, exploitation,
  transportation and distribution of energy
  products is part of the conventional SNA produced
  asset accounts. In the SEEA it may be useful to
  separately identify these assets for analytical
  purposes.

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Supply and use tables

• Supply and use tables records flows of good and
  services
• Supply table presents by row the different kind
  of products produced by domestic industries
  (consisting of residents in the economic
  territory of a country) and supplied by the rest
  of the world (imports)
• Use table presents the use of the same products
  (shown by row) for intermediate consumption by
  the different industries, for final consumption,
  gross capital formation and for use by the rest
  of the world (exports)
• Total supply Total use

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• Supply and use tables

Supply table
Use table
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System boundaries

• International statistical standards such as the
  System of National Accounts (SNA), the Balance of
  Payments and the forthcoming standard on the
  System of Environmental-Economic Accounting
  (SEEA) use the economic territory as the system
  boundary.
• International Merchandise Trade Statistics uses
  the statistical territory
• Energy balances and emission inventories use
  instead the national territory
• The differences have to be clarified in the case
  of energy

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Classification/disaggregation of economic
activities in the SUT

• The relevant breakdown of (energy-related) econ.
  activities in the SUT has to be identified and
  mapped into ISIC
• A starting point are the sectors identified in
  energy statistics
• Transformation sector
• Energy sector
• End-user sector
• These sectors should be mapped to the relevant
  ISIC categories for inclusion in the SUT
• The minimum set of activities in the SUT has to
  be identified

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Transport sector

• Energy statistics refers to the fuel consumed in
  the transport sector irrespective of the economic
  activity in which the transportation activity
  occurs
• In the SNA and SEEA, we need to allocate the use
  of fuel to the industries that use it for
  intermediate consumption. In addition, only the
  use of fuel by resident units is recorded as
  intermediate or final consumption (use of fuel by
  non-resident units is recorded as export)
• Understanding the differences in order to link
  both concepts

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Classification/disaggregation of products in SUT

• The relevant energy-related products in the SUT
  has to be defined
• Existing product lists are often not linked to
  CPC or HS
• Products are often identified according to what
  they are used for (e.g. for energy and non-energy
  use, for heating, electricity, etc.) (gt
  classification by purpose)
• Agreed classification of renewables does not
  exist
• Distinction between primary and secondary
  products done in energy statistics

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Classification/disaggregation of products in SUT
Conted

• Definitions and classification of energy
  products
• Links to international classifications CPC and
  HS (at least at the aggregated level)
• Classification by purpose
• Classification of renewables
• Should the distinction between primary and
  secondary products be retained in the SUTs?
• Disaggregation of energy use by combustion
  processes to link with air emissions

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Definitions of transactions

• Hybrid supply and use tables for energy juxtapose
  physical and monetary information to allow for
  integrated analysis
• Definitions of transactions (such as production,
  changes in inventories, imports, exports, use
  etc.) in the monetary tables follow the 1993 SNA
  definitions
• To juxtapose the physical flows to monetary flows
  the definitions of transactions have to be
  consistent
• gt An analysis and a comparison of definitions of
  transactions used in energy statistics and in the
  SNA has to be developed together with suggestions
  on how to move this forward

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Energy losses

• Energy losses occur during extraction, storage,
  distribution and transformation/conversion
• A clear description of the different type of
  losses, where they occur, how they are measured
  will help in developing the appropriate recording
  in the SUT

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Harmonized physical units,.

• The London Group considered very important to
  reach an agreement on the units in which the
  standard tables of the energy accounts should be
  compiled
• The work of the Oslo Group will be an important
  input to the work on the SEEA Energy and the
  SEEA
• gt Harmonization of physical measurement units,
  conversion factors, gross vs. net calorific values

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Links with energy statistics and balances

• There are differences between energy balances and
  SUTs mostly due to differences in
• Geographical coverage (territory vs. residence
  principle)
• Link to economic information
• gt Development of bridge tables that allow to go
  from balances to SUTs and vice versa

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Emission accounts and inventories

• Energy statistics important also for emission
  inventories
• Energy accounts basis for emission account
• gt Develop link between emission accounts and
  emission inventories