Chapter 4 Sec. 3

1
Chapter 4 Sec. 3

• Parliament Triumphs in England

2
Parliaments Influence

• Tudor Monarchs (Henry VIII and Elizabeth I)
• Good relationship with Parliament
• Regularly consulted but controlled through agents
  (knew the Kings wishes)
• Magna Cartas influence - Parliament approval of
  raised taxes
• Elizabeth died childless - changes relations

3
Parliaments Influence

• Stuart Monarchs
• 1603 James I (relative and King of Scotland)
• Agreed to rule according to English law
• Soon claimed divine right and absolute power
• Dissolved Parliament and collected own taxes
• Clashed with dissenters of Church of England
• Puritans - purify the Church of Catholic
  practices

4
Charles I

• 1625 inherits the throne and behaves like an
  absolute monarch
• Needs Parliament to raise money
• Forced to sign the Petition of Right
• Prohibited raising taxes w/out consent
• Prohibited jailing w/out legal justification
• Soon dissolved Parliament again (1629) and
  ignored the Petition

5
Civil War

• For 11 years Charles I creates enemies
• Parliament
• Puritans
• Forced strict Anglican rules
• Imposed the Anglican prayer book on Scotland
• 1640 summoned Parliament
• Funds to repress revolt
• Parliament launched its own revolt

6
Civil War

• Parliament
• Tried and executed Charles Is chief ministers,
  calls for abolition of bishops
• Charles sends troops into the House of Commons
• Escape and raise their own army
• Cavaliers and Roundheads
• Supporters of Charles I (wealthy nobles)
• Country gentry, town manufacturers, Puritan
  clergy - led by Oliver Cromwell

7
England as a Commonwealth

• Charles I is executed (1649)
• Shocked Europe
• House of Commons in control led by Cromwell
• Charles II attacks from Ireland, Scotland as heir
  to the throne
• Cromwell led forces into Ireland, crushes and
  implements harsh measures against Irish Catholics
  (forced to live in poor West Ireland)

8
End of the Commonwealth

• Division between social classes
• Cromwell rules as a dictator to counter
  challenges
• Puritans gained a large influence on social life
• Cromwell dies in 1658 and a newly elected
  Parliament invites the return of Charles II

9
Restoration

• Return of the Monarcchy
• Charles II was a popular ruler
• Return to social life
• Religious toleration
• Dealt with Parliament
• James II inherits the throne in 1685
• Suspended laws, brought back Catholic influence
• Parliament invites daughter (Mary and William
  III) of Orange to become rulers
• James II fleas to France

10
Glorious Revolution

• The bloodless overthrow of King James II
• William and Mary had to accept several Acts
  passed by Congress that became known as the
  English Bill of Rights
• Parliament superior
• House of Commons control of money
• Monarch could not suspend laws
• Established Habeas Corpus
• Barred Catholics from being Monarch
• Toleration Act allowed religious freedom to
  others