English History 15881689

1
English History1588-1689

• Tudors
• Henry VIII (P)
• Edward VI (P)
• Mary I Bloody Mary (C)
• Elizabeth I (P)

• Stuarts
• Mary Queen of Scots (C)
• James I (C)
• Charles I (C)
• ltOliver Cromwellgt (P)
• ltRichard Cromwellgt (P)
• Charles II (C/P)
• James II (C)
• William III and Mary II (P)

C CATHOLIC P PROTESTANT ltgt
NON ROYAL
2
The Tudors

• Henry VIII dies, 1547
• Edward VI young, sickly, Protestant, rules with
  help of advisors
• Mary I succeeds at Edwards death, cruel,
  Bloody Mary, Catholic

3
Elizabeth I The Virgin Queen

• Faces many problems
• Religious conflicts (Protestant vs. Catholic)
• A rival queen (Mary Stuart)
• Competition from Spain (Philip II)
• Money problems
• Issues with Parliament
• Known as the most powerful English monarch

4
Solutions to Religious Problems

• Declared the Act of Uniformity
• This act created one legal church in England.
• People must attend or pay a fine.
• Services were held in English.
• Some rituals of the Catholic Church were kept to
  make the Catholics happy.

5
Stopping the Rival Queen

• Elizabeths cousin (Mary Stuart) challenged the
  throne
• Because Elizabeth had no heirs, Mary was her
  successor
• Mary and Philip II of Spain planned to overthrow
  her
• The plot failed and Elizabeth ordered Marys
  execution

6
The Spanish Threat

• Philip attacked England with the Spanish Armada
• Angered at rejected marriage proposal and raiding
  of Sea Dogs
• England was victorious
• Spains power declined

7
Financial and Religious problems with Parliament

• Financial
• Elizabeth started to build an empire in the
  Americas with money from investors
• These investors were part of joint-stock
  companies
• Religious
• Towards the end of her reign, Puritan members of
  Parliament began asking for religious changes
• Puritans were a strong group in Parliament but
  Elizabeth refused to change

8
James I of England

• James VI (of Scotland) (son of Mary Stuart)
  inherits English throne from Elizabeth and
  becomes James I of England
• Clashes with Parliament over money and the Church
• Believes strongly in idea of divine right

9
Charles I of England

• Son of James I
• Was strong believer in divine right
• Spent excess of money on wars
• Dissolved Parliament for 11 years
• Problems lead to English civil war

10
Civil War!

• Charles I began to persecute the Puritans. Many
  left for the Americas.
• Charles I also tried to make the Scots worship in
  the Church of England.
• The Scots began to form an army. War was coming.
• Charles I has to recall Parliament to get money
  for war.

11

• Charles I tried to have key leaders arrested.
• War began!
• The Cavaliers (loyal to the King) vs. the
  Roundheads (Puritans).
• Oliver Crowell led the Roundheads.
• The Roundheads won.
• Charles I was executed!

12
Oliver Cromwell Lord Protector

• Cromwell declared himself Lord Protector.
• He sent Parliament home and created a republic.
• The republic was really a dictatorship.
• People lost many freedoms.
• When Cromwell died his son took over. This gave
  England a chance to bring back the monarchy.

13
The Restoration

• Tired of Puritan rule, England restores the
  monarchy by inviting Charles (son of Charles I)
  to be King Charles II
• Charles II (the Merry Monarch) did not rule by
  divine right
• Allowed habeas corpus
• Charles II died and left no heir
• Catholic brother, James succeeded as King James
  II
• Ruled under belief of divine right
• Forced to abdicate

ltCharles II
James IIgt
14
William and Mary The Glorious Revolution

• The British people were desperate for change.
• They asked the Protestant daughter of James IIs
  first wife and her husband to come take over the
  throne.
• William and Mary were able to take over without a
  war.
• They allowed many positive changes to protect the
  rights of the people.
• These changes included
• The end of the divine right of kings.
• The people had more power and representation
• Most importantly..They signed the Bill of Rights!

15
Milestones of DemocracyEngland 1689

• Limited power of the monarchy.
• The monarchy could not act above the law or
  collect taxes without permission.
• Only male property owners could vote.
• Individual rights were protected by the law.
• Some limitations on freedom still existed for
  non-Protestants.