Lecture 19 Alcohol III

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Lecture 19 Alcohol III
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Health Risks and alcohol

• Why should alcohol NOT be given to warm someone
  up ?
• eg. snow rescues

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Health Risks and alcohol

• Early coronary calcification (hardening of the
  arteries)
• ? risk factor for CVD CHD
• especially in binge drinkers (? ? )
• gt 5 standard drinks/session
• and even among ? ?, gt 7 drinks/week
• CARDIA study
• Epidemiological study
• Pletcher et al. 2005

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Health Risks and alcohol

• Colorectal cancer?
• Epidemiological study
• ? risk colorectal cancer with gt30g/day alcohol
  intake
• ?? risk if 30-45g alc/day
• ?? ? risk if gt45g alc/day
• ?and ?
• Non-specific re type of beverage
• Cho et al. 2004

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Blood alcohol symptoms

• BAC () symptoms metab. (Hrs)
• 0.05 euphoria 2-3
• 0.075 gregarious 2-3
• 0.1 uncoordinated 4-6
• 0.125-0.15 unrestrained behav. 6-10
• 0.2-0.25 ?alertness 10-24 lethargic
• 0.3-0.35 stupor/coma 10-24
• gt0.5 coma/death gt24

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Health benefits of alcohol

• Specific intakes
• ? 20g/day for females (? 2 std drinks day)
• ? 40g/day for males (? 4 std drinks/day)
• a standard alcoholic drink
• NB. Recommended maximum intakes in Australia are
  GREATER than in the U.S.A.
• ? coronary heart disease (CHD) risk
• ? stroke (CVD) risk

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Health benefits of alcohol

• ALL alcohol
• improves cholesterol metabolism
• ? HDL concentration in blood
• no effect on LDL
• ? HDL ? reduces blood cholesterol due to
  increased reverse cholesterol transport

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Health benefits of alcohol

• Wine (red wine)
• epidaemiological evidence
• Mediterranean societies have ?? incidence of
  Atherosclerosis increased longevity
• moderate alcohol consumption
• 2-5 glasses wine/day (French studies)
• contains gt900 phenolic compounds

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Health benefits of wine

• mechanism(s)?
• some phenolic compounds alter cellular metabolism
  signaling
• ? platelet aggregation
• ? clotting
• how? Currently unknown
• partly antioxidant activity

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Health benefits of wine

• Resveratrol (polyphenol)
• ? risk CVD
• ? HDL
• oestrogen-like activity
• ? VLDL production in liver
• ? LDL clearance in liver
• cell-culture study
• red wine de-alcoholised red wine
• ? mechanism regulation of gene expression in
  lipoprotein metabolism
• Pal et al, 2003

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Health benefits of wine

• Resveratrol
• ? risk Cancer
• Upper GI lung colon BCC
• ? Mechanism
• ? activation carcinogens
• Antioxidant activity
• ? Ca cell proliferation
• 1-2 glasses wine per day
• Bianchini Vaino, 2003

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Health benefits of wine

• Improved insulin sensitivity
• Epidemiological study (? only)
• regular moderate alcohol consumption
• improves insulin sensitivity
• promotes leanness
• even though ? caloric contribution
• L for Insulin Resistance?
• does this explain the French Paradox?
• McCarty, 2000

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Recommended Reading

• 1. Whitney Rolfes
• Understanding Nutrition
• Chapter 7. Highlights. Alcohol and Nutrition
• 2. Embedded e-readers

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Recommended Reading

• Bianchini, F Vainio, H 2003
• Wine and resveratrol mechanisms of cancer
  prevention?
• European Journal of Cancer Prevention, vol. 12,
  pp417-425.