Ch 8: Air Masses

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Ch 8 Air Masses Ch9 Weather Patterns
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As we discussed previously

• Any conditions that force air to rise are likely
  to lead to clouds and precipitation.
• There are 4 key processes that causes lifting and
  thus clouds and possibly precipitation.

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1. CONVECTIVE LIFTING
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2. OROGRAPHIC LIFTING
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3. CONVERGENT LIFTING
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3. FRONTAL LIFTING
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Air Masses
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LAKE EFFECT
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Weather Fronts
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Atmospheric Disturbances
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Mid-latitude Cyclone/Anticyclone
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thunderstorm
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tornado
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Waterspout tornado over water
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Hurricane
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Hurricanes Start as tropical storms
thunderstorms, clouds Thunderstorms release
latent heat -area around storm gets warmer -
air density lowers, surface pressure drops -
region of weak, low pressure and cyclonic
circulation -pressure drops in center, and
pressure gradient steepens -wind speed increases
(promotes evaporation) - water vapor condenses
and releases additional heat -heated air rises,
adiabatic cooling, more condensation, more heat.
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Rotation of storm causes water to pile up in
center As storm moves towards shore, this water
is pushed with it.
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Storm Surge -
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Special Topics in Weather
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Chinook/Santa Anas
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Santa Ana Winds
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MONSOONS
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West Wind Drift
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El Nino
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Normal Conditions
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El Nino Conditions
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La Nina