Viral zoonoses in NZ

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Viral zoonoses in NZ

• Orf - Contagious ecthyma (Scabby mouth)
• Parapoxvirus
• Spread by direct contact or fomites
• Resistant in environment
• Vaccine is live virulent
• Usually local lesion in human

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Milkers nodule (Pseudocowpox, Papular
stomatitis) - Spread by direct contact -
Usually solitary lesion in humans following
incubation period of 3-7 days
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Emerging viral zoonoses and threats to NZ

• Hendra virus (Australia)
• Nipah virus (Malaysia, Bangladesh)
• Japanese encephalitis virus (virus on the move)

• Emergence of Hendra virus in 1994
• August 1994, Mackay, 2 horses dead and person
  with encephalitis (resolved)
• September 1994, Brisbane, 13/20 horses died, one
  human dead, one sick/recovered

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Hendra virus

• Novel paramyxovirus isolated from horses and
  fatal human case
• What was source????
• October 1995, man from Mackay admitted with
  encephalitis, dies
• HeV antigen in brain, positive in PCR, increase
  in specific Ab from 16 to 5792

• What was source?
• Probably a vertebrate of some sort
• Something that migrates at least from Mackay to
  Brisbane (birds or bats)
• High prevalence of Ab in bats
• Further case in horse in 1999 in north Queensland

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