Plant Biology

1
Plant Biology
2
Plants Are

• Multicellular
• Eukaryotes
• Autotrophs (Producers)
• Non-motile (dont move)
• ALIVE

3
Plants Need

• Sunlight- to make food
• Water and Minerals from the soil
• CO2 for photosynthesis
• O2 for cellular respiration

4
The First Plants

• Lived in the water
• Flourished in an atmosphere made mostly of CO2
• Evolved from multicellular green algae

5
Early Land Plants

• Looked like mosses
• Grew in swampy areas
• Began to adapt to life independent of a watery
  environment.

6
Plants Today

• Are divided into four groups
• Flowering plants, cone bearing plants, ferns and
  mosses.

7
Bryophytes

• Non-vascular plants (lack xylem and phloem)
• Include mosses, liverworts, hornworts, etc.
• Found in moist shaded places
• Oldest land plants

8
Human Uses of Mosses

• Sphagnum- absorbant- used to dry ground and burnt
  as fuel
• Peat Moss- used in gardens to retain water and
  also burnt as fuel

9
Peat Moss is thought to be the largest living
organism on earth.
10
Non-vascular Plants mosses, liverworts, etc
11
Seedless Vascular Plants

• Ferns horsetails.
• Have vascular tissue xylem and phloem
• Have true roots, stem and leaves
• Reproduce using spores as opposed to seeds.

12
Two Types of Vascular Tissue

• Xylem- carries water from roots to leaves
• Phloem- carries food made in leaves by
  photosynthesis to cells in stem and roots.

13
Three parts of Vascular Plants

• Roots- absorb water minerals, anchor plant
• Stem- supports leaves, conducts water and food
• Leaves- photosynthetic part of plants.

14
External Parts of Vascular Plants
15
Seed Plants

• Include Gymnosperms (cone bearing plants) and
  Angiosperms (flowering plants)
• Plants that do not depend on water for
  reproduction

16
Adaptations to Be Free of Water

• Flowers or cones to transfer seeds
• Pollen to pass on sex cells
• Seeds to protect embryonic (baby) plant

17
Parts of a Seed

• Seed coat- surrounds and protects the embryo
• Endosperm- built in food supply
• Embryo- baby plant

18
The Three Parts of a Seed
19
Seed Germination

• When a seed leaves its dormant state and begins
  to grow
• Must have right conditions to start water,
  temp,light, and O2 .

20
Seed Survival Depends on

• Age of seed- older less chance
• Where it lands good soil, rocky soil, sand,
  etc.)
• How deep the seed is planted
• How is water supply?