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CHAPTER 2
THEORIES
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Chapter 2 Theories

• What are the different psychological
  perspectives?
• What does Eriksons theory explain?
• What does Piagets theory explain?
• What is an eclectic approach to a study of human
  development?

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Psychological Perspectives

• A psychological perspective is a specific point
  of view about the influences on human behavior

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Psychoanalytic Theory

• This perspective emphasizes the influence of
  unconscious drives and motivations on our
  behavior
• Childhood experiences are seen as especially
  influential

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Behaviorism (Learning Theory)

• This perspective emphasizes behavior is shaped by
  the environment
• We learn to behave in certain ways
• Therefore what is learned can be unlearned

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Cognitive Theory

• This perspective emphasizes how we think shapes
  our behavior, attitude, and beliefs

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ERIKSONS THEORY
Born June 15, 1902 Frankfurt, Germany
Died May 1994 USA
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What Does Eriksons Theory Explain?

• It explains psychosocial development from a
  psychoanalytic perspective

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Major Concepts of Eriksons Theory

• There are eight psychosocial stages beginning at
  birth and ending in old age
• Each stage has a crisis to resolve
• The crisis may be resolved positively or
  negatively
• Interaction between person environment
  influences how crisis is resolved
• How crisis is resolved influences personality

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PIAGETS THEORY
Born 1896 Neuchatel, Switzerland
Died September 1980 in Switzerland
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What Does Piagets Theory Explain?

• It explains cognitive development The way
  people think and understand the world shapes
  their perceptions, attitudes, and actions

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Major Concepts

• There are four stages of cognitive development
• Cognitive disequilibrium promotes cognitive
  growth
• How children think is more important than what
  they know

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What Is an Eclectic Approach?
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Eclectic Approach

• Different theories must be combined to better
  understand human development
• because
• no one theory fully explains development in all
  the domains

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THE END