Atoms

1
Atoms
Molecules
Families of like atoms
Chemical change occurred
Element
Compound
Element

Symbols
Chemical Formula
C
H
Cl
Na
H2O
C6H12O6
4 H2O
Glucose
2
Energy level
Protons
Nucleus
Neutron
Electrons
3
Structural Formula
Bond holds atoms together and stores energy
Ionic Bond
Covalent Bond
Ions
Charged atoms
Atoms share electrons
Ex. Na Cl-
(See next slide)
4
Ionic Bond
Ions
Charged atoms
Ex. Na Cl-
5
Covalent Bond
Atoms share electrons
6
pH scale
Acid
Base
Neutral
Hydrogen ions in solution
Hydroxide ions in solution
H
OH-
7
C in chains
-
-
-
C
C
C
C
Blocks
Compound
Carbohydrates
Glucose
(starch sugar)
Proteins
Amino Acids
Lipids (fats)
Fatty acids Glycerol
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides
8
Large molecule formed when many smaller molecules
bond together
Polymer
Remove water to join 2 molecules
Condensation
Hydrolysis
Add water to break apart 2 molecules
9
Carbohydrates
Condensation
Hydrolysis
10
Lipids
11
Protein
12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14
Final 3-dimensional shape a protein makes is its
conformation. The conformation determines its
function 1. Long and fibrous
structure ex. Keratin protein form
hair Fibrin protein help form blood
clots 2. Globular function as enzymes, ion
channels, carrier proteins or receptors.
Denatured protein protein whose hydrogen bonds
break as a result of heat, radiation,
electricity, pH or various chemicals so that that
protein loses its unique properties. Ex.
Cooking an egg
15
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotide
16
Carbohydrates
Used by cell to store and release energy
C H O with a ratio of 2 H for every 1 O
Ex. Monosaccharide glucose and
fructose Disaccharide sucrose Polysaccari
de starch - how plants store
glucose glycogen- how you store glucose in
your liver cellulose- cell walls of
plants for strength
17
Lipids
Cells use lipids for energy storage, insulation,
and protective coatings
C H O greater than a 2 C to 1 H ratio with less
O
Ex. Fats, Oils, Waxes
They are insoluble in water
Stores more energy per molecule than glucose but
glucose is used first by the body for energy
because it burns cleaner in the cells
Saturated fat Single C to C chains with as
many H attached as possible Unsaturated fat
Some double bonds between C in the chain and not
as many H attached Polyunsaturated fat Many
double bonds between C in the chain.
18
Triglyceride
Steroid
Type of Steroid is Cholesterol
19
Proteins
Provide structure for tissues and organs and
carries out cell metabolism
C H O N and usually sulfur
Ex. Enzymes change rate of chemical reactions
20
Nucleic Acids
Stores cellular information in the form of a code
to make proteins that determine your traits
C H O N Phosphorus
Ex. DNA and RNA