FLORENCE

1
FLORENCE
2
FLORENCE
3
FLORENCE

• FOUNDED BY ROMANS ON ARNO RIVER IN TUSCANY
• ECONOMY BASED ON AGRICULTURE AND TRADE -
  ESPECIALLY CLOTH
• POPULATION 90,000. FIFTH LARGEST IN EUROPE

4

• MILAN
• 
  
• FLORENCE
• ROME

VENICE
5
GEOGRAPHY DAILY LIFE

• DIVIDED INTO DISTRICTS
• SOCIAL CLASSES LIVED SIDE BY SIDE
• NATURES CLOCK REGULATED DAILY ROUTINE

6
MAJOR MONUMENTS

• PALAZZO DELLA SIGNORIA OR PALAZZO VECCHIO,
  1298-1310

7
(No Transcript)
8

• PONTE VECCHIO (BRIDGE), 1333-1345

9
(No Transcript)
10

• DUOMO (S. MARIA DEL FIORE), 1290- 1436

11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)
13

• FOUNDLING HOSPITAL, 1419

14

• SAN LORENZO, 1440S
• PRIVATE PALACES RUCELLAI, STROZZI, PITTI, MEDICI

15
ECONOMY

• ONE THIRD OF POPULATION DEPENDED ON WOOLEN
  INDUSTRY
• 1,200,00 FLORINS ANNUALLY
• LANA CALIMALA GUILDS

16

• CAMBIO BANKING GUILD.
• BECAME BANKERS TO POPES.
• BARDI, PERUZZI, FRESCOBALDI FIRMS OPERATED
  THROUGHOUT EUROPE

17
FLORENTINE REPUBLIC

• ONLY MEMBERS OF 21 GUILDS WERE ELIGIBLE FOR
  OFFICE (5 - 6OOO)
• ORDINANCES OF JUSTICE, 1293 BARRED NOBLES
  (GRANDI) FROM OFFICE

18

• WORKERS FORBIDDEN TO HAVE GUILDS. NO POLITICAL
  RIGHTS.

19
FLORENTINE REPUBLIC

• WORKERS FRUSTRATION LED TO CIOMPI REVOLT, JUNE
  1378
• LOCK OUT RETURNED CITY TO STATUS QUO

20
SIGNORIA OR COLLEGE OF PRIORS

• DOMESTIC FOREIGN POLICY
• INITIATED LEGISLATION
• TWO MONTH TERM LIVED IN PALAZZO DELLA SIGNORIA
• ADVISED BY THE TWELVE AND THE SIXTEEN

21

• APPOINTED LOWER OFFICIALS
• SHORT TERMS LESSENED BURDEN OF OFFICE
• BUT HAMPERED CONTINUITY
• TO DEAL WITH DRAWBACK
• SOME PERMANENT CIVIL SERVANTS

22

• REQUESTED ADVICE OF RESPECTED FLORENTINE CITIZENS
• APPOINTED SPECIAL COMMITTEES TO DEAL WITH LONG
  TERM TASKS

23
SIGNORIA INITIATED LAWS

• TWO LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLIES VOTED ON SIGNORIAS
  LEGISLATION
• COUNCIL OF THE PEOPLE (POPOLO)
• COUNCIL OF THE COMMUNE
• TOTALED 500 MEMBERS

24
FLORENTINE REPUBLIC
SIGNORIA
COUNCIL OF PEOPLE
COUNCIL OF COMMUNE
25
POWER IN THE REPUBLIC

• OLD FAMILIES LIKE ALBIZZI VERSUS NEW FAMILIES
• MERCHANT ARISTOCRATS
• OLIGARCHY ?
• INCLUDED MINOR GUILDS, BUT SYSTEM INSURED BEST
  PEOPLE WERE ELECTED

26
FLORENTINE TAX SYSTEM

• GABELLE TAX ON WINE SALT
• LOANS
• MONTE DELLA DOTTE DOWRY FUND
• AFTER 1427, CATASTO TAX ON WEALTH

27
FACTIONS

• POLITICAL ECONOMIC
• FAMILY FACTIONS
• 1430S TWO POLITICAL PARTIES ALBIZZI MEDICI
• OLD VERSUS NEW FAMILIES, BUT TIES WITHIN EACH
  PERSONAL

28
TRIUMPH OF MEDICI

• COSIMO DE MEDICI HEADED LARGEST BANK IN EUROPE
• COSIMOS POLITICAL SKILL LOANS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS
• MANIPULATED ELECTORAL SYSTEM TO FILL KEY OFFICES
• EXILED MOST DANGEROUS

29
COSIMO DE MEDICI

• AVOIDED PUBLIC OFFICE
• JUST AN ORDINARY CITIZEN

30
MEDICI REGIME 1434-1494

• CO-OP OF A GROUP OF FAMILIES
• COSIMO, PIERO, LORENZO DE MEDICI
• DIRECT SELECTION OF SIGNORIA

31

• FICTION THAT REPUBLIC LIVED
• MOST SAW STABILITY

32
PAZZI CONSPIRACY

• FAMILY RIVALRY
• LORENZO VS. SIXTUS IV
• PLOT TO ASSASSINATE LORENZO INVOLVING PAZZI
  POPE
• GIULIANO KILLED. LORENZO WOUNDED
• SUPPORT FOR MEDICI STRONGER

33
GOLDEN AGE OF MEDICI

• FLORENCE AT PEACE AS RESULT OF LORENZOS SHIFTING
  OF ALLIANCES
• PATRONAGE OF THE ARTS DONATELLO MICHELANGELO

34

• AGE OF MEDICI ALSO AGE OF FRA ANGELICO, ALBERTI,
  FILIPPO LIPPI, UCCELLO, AND LEONARDO DA VINCI

35
REVIVAL OF REPUBLIC

• PIERO DE MEDICI OVERTHROWN IN 1494
• REPUBLIC RESTORED WITH MORE REPRESENTATIVE GREAT
  COUNCIL

36

• NEW CIVIC PRIDE EMBODIED IN COMMISSIONS TO
  LEONARDO DA VINCI MICHELANGELO DAVID

37
(No Transcript)
38
RETURN OF THE MEDICI

• 1512, SPANISH ARMY ALLIED WITH PAPACY RESTORED
  MEDICI RULE
• 1513, MEDICI POPE LEO X
• 1532, SIGNORIA ABOLISHED AND MEDICI DUKES OF
  FLORENCE