Stream Standards: Total Maximum Daily Loads TMDLs

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Stream Standards Total Maximum Daily
Loads (TMDLs)

• The way forward
• Prof. Ruslan Hassan
• Env. Research Centre, UiTM

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Profile

• PROFESSOR (CIVIL ENG)
• AHLI
• LEMBAGA JURUTERA MALAYSIA (BEM),
• LEMBAGA AMANAH INSTITUT PENYELIDIKAN
  PEMBINAAN (CREAM-CIDB)
• VICE-PRESIDENT INSTITUSI JURUTERA MALAYSIA
  (I.E.M)
• PRESIDENT TECHNOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION MALAYSIA
  (T.A.M)

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Definition

• Written plans and analyses established to ensure
  that the waterbody will attain and maintain water
  quality standards including consideration of
  reasonable foreseeable increases in pollutant
  loads.

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• Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDLs)
• maximum amount of pollutant a waterbody can
  receive and still achieve ambient water quality
  standards

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Water Quality Management

• Goals targets in a program for improving water
  quality
• Standards minimum limits imposed for the purpose
  of preventing further degradation of water quality

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SOURCES OF POLLUTION
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WATER QUALITY DISSOLVED OXYGEN (2005)
Area 1,280 km2
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Environmental Quality Report (2005)
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BOD May 2005
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Total Accumulated Sediments in South Port, Port
Klang, Malaysia
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Total Accumulated Sediments in North Port, Port
Klang, Malaysia
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Continuation
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Total Acumulated Sediments in the Port Klang
Estuary
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Water Quality Parameter

• Minimum allowable concentration of Dissolved
  Oxygen
• gt 4 mg/L to maintain a normal balanced community
  of aquatic organisms
• lt1 mg/L permits the establishment of conditions
  which limit fish life and promote the evolution
  of odors and the discolouration of the water

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Minimum Stream Flows

• The lower the stream flow, the higher will be the
  concentration of the waste in stream
• x i1 ?j bj (xi ?j-1) zi1 ?j(1-?j2)1/2
• where x i1 estimated value of flow in
  (i1)st day, xi flow in ith day,
  j serial index identifying season

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COST CONSIDERATION
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Cost Allocation

• Uniform Treatment method
• Cost-minimisation method
• Zoned-optimisation method

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Cost Allocation

• Uniform Treatment method identical percentage
  of raw BOD load be removed from each source
  before discharge into the surface water system

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Cost Allocation

• Cost-minimisation method selects the level of
  BOD removal to be attained at each source to
  achieve the desired dissolved oxygen level at
  minimum cost to the region

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Difference between Cost of Pollution Control and
Environmental Damage
Cost
High damage cost with no control
Minimum Sum of Cost
Cost of Pollution Control
Net economic gains from pollution control
Cost of Damage from pollution control
Degree of Pollution Control
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Watershed-based Planning Management

• Point-nonpoint trading framework
• For every kg. above the limits, a company must
  pay to the parties that install BMPs such as
  grassed waterways

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Concluding Remarks

• Starting with TMDL at a time e.g. D.0.
• Watershed based/segments
• Limits of Science Political Will