DAIRY FEEDS

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DAIRY FEEDS FEEDING

• THE FEED NUTRIENTS

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B. Carbohydrates

• 1. Carbohydrates are made up of Carbon (C),
  Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O), with Carbon and
  Hydrogen being in the same proportion as in
  water.
• 2. Carbohydrates are the main organic compound
  found in plants and commonly represent 40 75
  of the total Dry Matter in livestock feeds.

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• 3. Carbohydrates are formed in plants by the
  process of photosynthesis.
• Chlorophyll
• 6 CO26H2OSunlight C6H12O66O2
• Energy Glucose
• 4. Carbohydrates are made up primarily of Hexose
  and Pentose molecules.

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5. Classes of Carbohydrates See Handout
Components of Plant Carbohydrates

• a. Monosaccharides Referred to as Simple
  Sugars. Chemical Formula of
• C6H12O6
• 1) Common Monosaccharides
• a) Glucose
• Found in corn syrup and blood
• Also referred to as dextrose or blood sugar
• b) Fructose
• Found in ripe fruit and honey
• Is the sweetest of all sugars
• c) Galactose
• Is found in milk as part of the molecule lactose.

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• b. Disaccharides Also considered to be a
  simple sugar.
• Chemical Formula of C12H22O11
• 1) Common Disaccharides
• a) Sucrose
• Cane and Beet Sugar Processed Sugar
• Hydrolyzes to glucose and fructose
• b) Maltose
• Malt Sugar
• Hydrolyzes entirely to glucose
• c) Lactose
• Milk sugar
• Hydrolyzes to glucose and galactose

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• c. Polysaccharides Complex Carbohydrates
• Chemical formula of (C6H10O5)N
• 1) Starch
• a) Most important carbohydrate
• b) Starch is made up of many molecules of
  Glucose
• c) Makes up the majority of the stored energy of
  plants.
• d) Glycogen is known as Animal Starch and is
  produced and stored in small quantities in the
  liver of animals.
• 2) Hemicellulose
• a) Complex carbohydrate less resistant than
  cellulose. Easier to digest than cellulose less
  than sugars and starches.
• b) Leafy part of a plant.

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• 3) Cellulose
• a) Same general formula as starch with an even
  longer chain of sugar molecules.
• b) Found in the cell walls and woody portions of
  plants.
• c) Difficult to digest except for ruminants.
• 4) Lignin
• a) Not a true carbohydrate.
• b) Stem and/or woody part of a plant.

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6. Chief functions of Carbohydrates

• a. Supply energy and heat for body processes.
• 1) Muscular Activity
• 2) Milk Production
• a) Lactose
• b) Milk Fat
• 3) Reproduction
• b. Surpluses are converted to fat in the
  animals body.
• c. Crude fiber prevents compaction has a
  laxative effect.

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7. Carbohydrates are divided into two classes

• a. Crude fiber Cellulose and lignin
• b. Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE) Easily
  digestible portion of the carbohydrate.

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8. Sources of Carbohydrates

• a. All Grains
• b. Roughages
• c. Molasses
• d. Many by-products

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YOUR DONE!