Global and Enhanced Observations of Monsoon and Global Water Cycle

1
Global and Enhanced Observations of Monsoon and
Global Water Cycle

• JAPAN

Mozambique Flood, Feb. 2000
Mozambique rain observed by the TRMM satellite
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Global Water Cycle

• Atmospheric General Circulation
• Evaporation
• Precipitation (Rain, Snow etc.)
• Water vapor, Cloud
• River runoff
• Soil moisture

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Recent extreme events (1998-2000) Floods,
Droughts, Tropical Cyclones
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More intensive rain in narrow area
Global mean precipitation
Noda and Tokioka (1989)
Precipitated area
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Interannual variability of Asian monsoon
precipitation
1xCO2
Larger variability of rain in mm/day
2xCO2
Meelh and Washington, 1993
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Rain pattern changes with El Nino
(El Nino year)
(Normal year)
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Truth
Result of rain forecast June 18, 2001
1818Z 4D-VAR assimilation system for JMA
meso-scale model
Predicted
INPUT (Ground data)
6-hrs Forecast
(Sato et al., 2001)
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Satellite data improve forecast
Truth
INPUT (Ground data)
Predicted
(TMI data)
6-hrs Forecast
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Proposal for Early Warning System

• Observation (nowcast)
• International and interagency data sharing
• More frequent and near-real time global
  monitoring by satellites
• Improvement of weather forecasts
• 3-hourly global observation

Joint research to establish early warning system
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Global Water cycle study for better water
resource management

• 1 of water on the Earth can be utilized as
  fresh water.
• 97.5 of water on the Earth is salt water

• CEOP (Oct. 2001- Sep. 2004)
• New generation satellites
• First component of the IGOS Water Cycle theme