Management Information Systems: Classic Models and New Approaches

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ManagementInformation SystemsClassic Models
andNew Approaches

• Chapter 17

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Objectives

• List and describe the classic functions of
  managers planning, organizing, staffing,
  directing, and controlling
• Describe the purpose and components of a
  management information system (MIS)
• Explain how computer networking and related
  software have flattened the classic management
  pyramid

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Objectives

• Describe how many companies use employees in
  task-oriented teams
• Describe the purpose and function of
  sophisticated software for top managers
• Explain the problems and solutions related to
  managing personal computers
• Explain the concept of total cost of personal
  computer ownership

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Contents

• Management Functions
• Management Levels
• Information Systems
• Personal Computer Management
• MIS Leads into the Future

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Management Functions

• Planning
• Devise short-range and long-range plans and set
  goals to help achieve the plans
• Organizing
• How to use resources
• Staffing
• Directing
• Guiding employees to perform their work
• Controlling
• Monitoring progress towards goals

• Get the job done
• On time
• Within budget
• Satisfactorily
• Using available resources

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Management Levels

• High level (strategic)
• Long-range view
• Planning
• Middle level (tactical)
• Carry out the plan
• Assemble the material
• Hire the resources
• Organize and staff
• Low level (operational)
• Supervisor
• Directing and controlling

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Management Levels

• Job titles
• Chief information officer (CIO)
• Director of information services
• Information resource manager
• MIS manager
• Comfortable with
• Computer technology
• Organizations business

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Management LevelsInteraction Among Employees

• Traditional hierarchy
• High level manager issues directives to a group
  of middle level managers
• Each middle level manager issues directives to a
  group of low level managers
• Each low level manager supervises other employees
  to see that the work is completed

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Management LevelsInteraction Among Employees

• Modern Hierarchy
• Dispersion of information via network
• E-mail
• Groupware
• Authority and work of managers has been altered
• Promotes sharing of information
• Decisions that were once management are now open
  for comment and change
• Supports team-based and information-driven
  organization

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Management LevelsInteraction Among Employees

• Need new ways to monitor employees
• Selection and training of employees
• Set clear expectations
• Use customer satisfaction to determine performance

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Management Levels
Flattening the pyramid
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Information Systems

• MIS Management Information System
• DSS Decision Support Systems
• EIS Executive Information Systems

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MISManagement Information System

• Data Organization
• Set of formal business systems designed to
  provide information for an organization
• Computers are typical components

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DSSDecision Support Systems

• Supplements an MIS
• Pulls information from variety of databases
• Interactive
• Nonroutine decision-making
• Model mathematical representation of real-life
  system
• Simulation using a computer model to reach a
  decision about a real-life situation

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MIS vs. DSS

• MIS
• Planned reporting
• Standard, scheduled, structured, and routine
• Constrained by the organizational system
• DSS
• Decision making
• Unstructured and by request
• Immediate and friendly

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EISExecutive Information Systems

• DSS for top-level managers
• How decisions effect entire organization
• Overall vision company goals
• Long-term objectives
• Organizational structure
• Staffing and labor relations
• Crisis management
• Control of overall operations
• Access to information from external sources

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Personal ComputersManagement

• Benefits
• Increased productivity
• Independence from MIS department
• Problems
• No one in charge of overall purchase of PCs
• Incompatibility
• Network related issues
• Needed data from MIS
• Training
• Inventory

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Personal ComputersManagement

• Solutions
• Staffing
• Personal Computer Manager
• Network Manager
• Acquisitions policies
• Information centers for assistance and training
• Use software to control inventory of PCs
• Remote access
• Consider total cost of ownership (TCO)

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Personal Computers Management

• Personal Computer Manager
• Technology overload provide guidance to users
  for purchase and use
• Data security and integrity addresses the
  issues of who has access to what
• Computer junkies set guidelines for PC use
• Network Manager
• Operational
• Provide methods for sharing
• Install software
• Backup
• Network security

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Personal Computers Management

• Manager Characteristics
• MIS background
• Technical knowledge
• Benefits and limitations of computers

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Personal ComputersAcquisition

• Standards
• Hardware
• Software
• Data communications
• Limit the number of vendors

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Personal ComputersInformation Center

• Services
• Software and hardware selection
• Data access
• Network access
• Training
• Technical assistance
• Easily accessible location
• User comes first

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Personal Computers Training

• Traditional approach
• Sporadic participation
• Minimal results for extended training
• Better approach
• Initial training
• Home-grown gurus
• Follow-up support
• Involve the workers
• Web and CD based training

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Personal ComputersInventory

• Budgets
• Software
• Count computers
• Determines components
• Determine installed software

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Personal ComputersRemote Access

• Equipment needs
• Security concern
• Training

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TCOTotal Cost of Ownership

• Initial hardware and software
• Training
• Support
• Upgrading
• Maintenance
• Hardware
• Software extras
• Communications networks

TCO estimated at four times the hardware costs!
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TCOReduce the TCO

• Limited Options standardize the ordering
  process including hardware, software, and options
• Helpful software counts computers and
  determines their components and installed
  software in a networked environment
• Hardware and software upgrades insure there is
  justification for an upgrade

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Management InformationSystems
Leading Business into the Future
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