PCN onwards and upwards

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PCN onwards and upwards!?

• Nigel Crump
• Des Jennings

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It is important to to know what is under your crop
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PCN (known knowns)things we know we know

• Potato cyst nematode (PCN)
• Golden nematode
• Two species
• Globodera rostochiensis
• Globodera pallida

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CitationUlrich Zunke, University of Hamburg,
www.insectimages.org

• Comparison of Globodera rostochiensis and
  Globodera pallida females of G. pallida turn
  directly to brown cysts whereas G. rostochiensis
  females change from yellow to gold before they
  turn brown

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Increase in golden nematode populations in a
continuouspotato culture, assuming a tenfold
increase
THE GOLDEN NEMATODE HANDBOOKSurvey, Laboratory,
Control, and Quarantine Procedures By Joseph F.
Spears, Assistant Director,Plant Pest Control
Division, Agricultural Research
ServiceAgriculture Handbook No. 353 UNITED
STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREAgricultural
Research Service Washington, D.C. Issued
September 1968
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Damage

• Depends on variety and density of nematode in
  soil
• First sign small areas of stunted plants
• Infested plants are darker and flower later
• High load yield loss gt50 (van der Zaag et al
  1996)

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CitationChristopher Hogger, Swiss Federal
Research Station for Agroecology and Agriculture,
www.insectimages.org
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Dead females containing eggs Cyst 100-500
eggs Provides protection -environment Viable eggs
8-10 years (20-30)
CitationUlrich Zunke, University of Hamburg,
www.insectimages.org
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• Each egg contains dormant juvenile
• Root exudates stimulate germination

CitationUlrich Zunke, University of Hamburg,
www.insectimages.org
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PCN in OZ

• Victoria (Gembrook, Koo-wee-rup, Thorpdale)
• Western Australia
• ????

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Management

• Knowledge/awareness
• Prevention
• Seed tubers
• Soil on machinery
• boots
• Sampling - accurate
• Crop rotation long (7 years)
• Control volunteers
• Resistant cultivars pathotypes and species
• Nematicides (400-500/Ha) environment?
• Fumigants

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Thorpdale

• Routine Vic seed certification
• 5458 tests from 2845 Ha sampled
• 559,100 soil cores
• Found on 2 farms (linked history)
• In excess of 1M

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Both Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis were
introduced from South America
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Increase in golden nematode populations in a
continuouspotato culture, assuming a tenfold
increase
THE GOLDEN NEMATODE HANDBOOKSurvey, Laboratory,
Control, and Quarantine Procedures By Joseph F.
Spears, Assistant Director,Plant Pest Control
Division, Agricultural Research
ServiceAgriculture Handbook No. 353 UNITED
STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREAgricultural
Research Service Washington, D.C. Issued
September 1968
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Resistant varieties

• PCN resistance - prevents the formation of
  females on the roots, eliminating nematode
  reproduction.
• Density of G. rostochiensis decreases by 80
  under a resistant variety (pathotype)
• Without potatoes estimated 20-30 ?
• No volunteer plants
• G. pallida resistant variety poor host
• Decrease population by 10-50

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DPI Field trial

• Resistant
• Atlantic (9)
• Crop 13 (?)
• Nicola (9)

• Susceptible
• Coliban
• Sebago
• Trent

• 3 years funding looking at science gaps to
  better policy and management of PCN
• Cyst counts at site at planting around 600 cysts
  per 500 grams soil
• History 3 susceptible crops (consecutively)

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Grower field day showing the impact of resistant
potato cultivars for PCN
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Cysts of PCN on susceptible potato cultivar in
field
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